1. System Software Chapter 5 The Director © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000

2. Ch 5© The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 20002 CCI Overview System software Applications software System software components Platforms Web and Java

3. Ch 5© The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 20003 CCI What is system software and applications software?

4. Ch 5© The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 20004 CCI System Software Works behind the scene –starts up computer –provides interface between the machine language the computer understands and hardware and applications –system software must be loaded into RAM at start up

5. Ch 5© The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 20005 CCI Applications Software Designed for user’s requirements –word processing –spreadsheets –database management –graphics –multimedia

6. Ch 5© The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 20006 CCI Applications Software Productivity software –word processing, spreadsheet, financial management, database management, communications, suites, browsers Business/specialty software Education reference software Home/personal software Entertainment software

7. Ch 5© The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 20007 CCI Applications Software Has a user interface –communicates with other software components such as the operating systems and application programming interface communicating to hardware

8. Ch 5© The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 20008 CCI Determine Needs Before Buying What applications software do you use? –word processing –browser –multimedia –graphics –financial management –database management Choose a computer system based on software requirements

9. Ch 5© The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 20009 CCI System Software Components What functions does system software perform?

10. Ch 5© The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 200010 CCI Basics Interprets data and instructions Communicates with peripherals Manages files

11. Ch 5© The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 200011 CCI System Software Components Operating system Utilities Language translators

12. Ch 5© The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 200012 CCI OS Master programs –supervisor in RAM –auto loads during boot routine using the master boot record on the primary hard disk –POST performed Software interfaces to hardware frequently remain resident BIOS manages keyboard, screen, drives, ports, time, and date

13. Ch 5© The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 200013 CCI OS BIOS stored on one or more ROM chips Later editions of BIOS may be flash updated according to motherboard manufacturer’s instructions

14. Ch 5© The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 200014 CCI Managing Programs and Data Multitasking (single user) –concurrent program running –foreground and background running Multiprogramming (multi-user) –concurrent use by different users

15. Ch 5© The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 200015 CCI Managing Programs (continued) Time-sharing –time slicing tasks Multiprocessing –simultaneous processing of two or more programs by multiple processors coprocessing parallel processing, sharing memory –called fault-tolerant systems

16. Ch 5© The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 200016 CCI Memory Management Virtual memory –hard disk space –when processor needs more RAM space, swaps data onto designated hard drive space –improves flexibility but is slower than RAM which has direct access to the processor

17. Ch 5© The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 200017 CCI Drivers Handle I/O for specific hardware

18. Ch 5© The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 200018 CCI Utilities Programs Utilities better than those that are native to an operating system can be purchased

19. Ch 5© The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 200019 CCI System Software Utilities Types –backup: system, registry, e-mail, files –data recovery –virus protection –data compression –defragmentation

20. Ch 5© The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 200020 CCI Data Compression Lossy –loss of accuracy, high degree of compression Lossless –retained accuracy but lower compression ratios

21. Ch 5© The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 200021 CCI Lossy Compression JPEG –Joint Photographers Experts Group –video storage and editing but not for transmission MPEG –Motion Pictures Experts Group –storage, editing, and transmission of video

22. Ch 5© The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 200022 CCI Lossless Compression PC –PKZIP, WINZIP.ZIP –ARC.ARC –PAK.PAK Mac –StuffIt.SIT –PackIt.PIT

23. Ch 5© The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 200023 CCI Frag and Defrag Fragmentation refers to the storage of a file in fragments in many areas on a disk Defragmentation is a utility process that endeavors to bring each file into one whole area within the disk, contiguously

24. Ch 5© The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 200024 CCI Language Translators These are the compilers and interpreters used to connect programs into machine language to communicate with the processor

25. Ch 5© The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 200025 CCI System Software Interfaces Command driven Unix, Linux Graphical User Interface (GUI) Microsoft:Windows 9x, Millennium/Neptune, NT, and 2000 MacOS GNOME interface to Linux use of icons, windows (little “w”), high use of keyboard and mouse

26. Ch 5© The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 200026 CCI GUI Generally, GUI runs on top of operating system to assist users Some memory is used to provide the GUI

27. Ch 5© The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 200027 CCI OS Platforms How does Windows 9x/Millennium/ Neptune compare to other operating systems?

28. Ch 5© The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 200028 CCI Common OSs Mainframe –IBM MVS, VM, DEC VAX/VMS Midframe –IBM OS-400, Linux, Sun Solaris Network –Novell NetWare, Lotus Dominoes, Microsoft Windows NT

29. Ch 5© The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 200029 CCI Common Microprocessor OSs Microcomputer –Microsoft Windows 9x/Millennium/Neptune –Microsoft Windows NT/2000 –Linux –Apple MacOS

30. Ch 5© The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 200030 CCI Windows 9x/Millennium/Neptune The first customer 32-bit operating system Windows 98 and 98 SE provide support for printers, video cards, DVD, and USB

31. Ch 5© The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 200031 CCI Windows NT Network system Scalable to large local area network Multitasking, multiprocessing, multiuser Windows NT Workstation –1-2 processors Windows NT Server –up to 32 processors

32. Ch 5© The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 200032 CCI Other Windows OSs Windows CE provides support for palmtop computers Windows Millenium, due third quarter 2000, could be the last stand-alone consumer version of Windows 9x, with Windows 2000 in various capabilities coming to the forefront

33. Ch 5© The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 200033 CCI OS/2 Warp OS/ 2 never established an installed base large enough to attract application developers Poor marketing, but still supported

34. Ch 5© The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 200034 CCI UNIX Portable and scalable Can handle large volumes, such as needed on large Web sites Strong in medium-to-large businesses

35. Ch 5© The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 200035 CCI Linux Linux emulates UNIX Many UNIX programs have been ported to Linux Open development –can recompile source code Single user and small to medium Web server support Since code written for 386, can rehabilitate older systems out of use

36. Ch 5© The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 200036 CCI NetWare Established network operating system with strong printer and application server functions Small business edition for up to 25 users priced under NT Can sustain e-mail traffic through IPX protocol NT gain in ground, but NetWare a strong base

37. Ch 5© The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 200037 CCI Web What is a network computer, and how does it involve the Internet and Java?

38. Ch 5© The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 200038 CCI Specialization Isolation of customer and corporate needs Software versions by operating systems Emergence of accessing applications and systems online not just web pages –idea of renting applications only for time used

39. Ch 5© The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 200039 CCI Bloatware Large percentage of applications have features not used Network PC –approximates mainframe terminal –sometimes with limited additional capabilities –also called thin client

40. Ch 5© The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 200040 CCI Progress Issue: Bandwidth Sun’s control of Java Virtual Machine diminishing as computer companies provide optimized VM Bandwidth increasing substantially through cable, digital subscriber service (DSL) on telephone lines, and the potential of more low-level satellites

41. Ch 5© The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 200041 CCI Java Developed by James Gosling’s group at Sun Promise of compile-once, run everywhere not totally realized Becoming more universal as run times decrease

42. Ch 5© The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 200042 CCI Some Generalities UNIX and Windows NT on high-end workstations Mac still used for intensive graphics and desktop publishing While Linux will not run Microsoft Office, such programs as ApplixWare provides filters to Office 2000 files, so the incompatability is disappearing