1. PPA 573 – Emergency Management and Homeland Security Lecture 1b – Models of Emergency Management

2. Introduction An impressive amount of attention has been given to the future of emergency management. Numerous calls for a broader view of emergency management. The most recognized academic paradigms and policy guides include disaster-resistant communities, disaster resilient communities, and sustainable development and sustainable hazards mitigation.

3. Introduction Most fail because they ignore comprehensive emergency management or they ignore vulnerability as a central concept.

4. Comprehensive Emergency Management Advantages –Acknowledges diverse disaster agents. –Acknowledges functional similarities among disasters. Disadvantages –Focus on hazards ignores social, political, cultural, etc. variables. –Limited focus on managers, first responders, and public officials.

5. Disaster-resistant Community Advantages. –Exemplary focus on mitigation to reduce degree of loss. –Marketability (given project impact from FEMA). Disadvantages. –Applies only to extreme natural disasters. –Ignores social, political, and cultural triggering agents. –Does not cover all functional areas (preparedness and response). –Excludes most actors other than urban planners and engineers.

6. Disaster-resilient Community Advantages. –Recognizes that not all hazards can be anticipated and efforts should be directed to recovery. –Captures the social variables. –Includes social science actors other than engineers.

7. Disaster-resilient Community Disadvantages. –May not be concerned with all triggering agents. –Too strong a focus on natural disasters. –Paradigm may be too reactive. –May imply return to normalcy, rather than a reduction in vulnerability.

8. Sustainable Development and Sustainable Hazards Mitigation Advantages. –Focus on the importance of a shift in culture to reduce vulnerability. –Notes the importance of process for disaster reduction. –Promotes an understanding about how response and recovery can retard development or reduce the probability of future disasters. –Incorporates many of the variables in disaster reduction.

9. Sustainable Development and Sustainable Hazards Mitigation Disadvantages. –Sustainability is related to extreme natural disasters, but less so to other types of disasters. –Sustainable development may be more relevant to mitigation and recovery than preparedness and response. –Sustainable development may not be relevant to all emergency management actors. –Sustainability appears to be related to a limited number of disciplines.

10. Comprehensive Vulnerability Management

11. Holistic and integrated activities directed toward the reduction of emergencies and disasters by diminishing risk and susceptibility and building resistance and capacity. –Risk – the likelihood of physical loss. –Susceptibility – social, cultural, political, etc. vulnerability to disaster. –Resistance – infrastructure ability to withstand physical destruction. –Resilience – community ability to respond and recover based on preparedness.

12. Comprehensive Vulnerability Management Advantages. –Related to all types of triggering events. –Related to each of the four areas of emergency management. –Related to the majority of actors involved in disaster reduction. –Related to the wide array of disaster-inducing or disaster intensifying variables.