1. Peer-to-Peer (or P2P)
From user to user. Peer-to-peer implies that either side can initiate a session and has equal responsibility.
Corey Chan
Andrew Merfeld
Charlie Yung

2. Overview for today Napster Kazaa/Limewire BitTorrent
Future of P2P Networks

3. Napster
First released June 1, 1999 3

4. Napster’s Features Started file sharing Easy to search FREE music
Limited to MP3 downloads only

5. Napster’s Architecture
Log on to computer.
2. Your computer connects to Napster Central Server.
3. Central Server returns complete list of songs.
4. User searches for the song.
5. Your computer connects to other users computer.
6. Downloads songs from other user computer.

6. Napster’s Legal Issues
Music Companies sues Napster, because the artist did not get paid for songs being traded for free.
Court Order shut down Napster for violating copyright infringement.
Forced to shut down music sharing in July 2002.
Napster ost a lot of money and users.

7. New Napster Paid membership
Partnership with music companies to distribute music.
Offer legal music

8. Kazaa/Limewire
Released in 2000 8

9. Kazaa/Limewire Features
Download music, video, text, pdf, possiblities endless, including viruses
Most at risk with security and some clients include spyware
Easy to use

10. Napster vs Kazaa/Limewire
Centralized
Quicker search/response time
De-Centralized
Harder to stop

11. How to Download a File
Simply open client software, type in a search request
That client searches for the file on their hard drive, and passed request onto all the computers its connected to
Request gets forwarded deeper and deeper, typically 6-7 levels
TTL (time to live) limits how long search request goes for

12. Legal Implications
Unlike the Napster system, clients are direct targets
RIAA (Recording Industry Association of America) has sued clients for an average of $3,000 per user
MPAA (Motion Pictures Association of America) has begun to target & warn clients as well.

13. BitTorrent
Released in 2002 13

14. BitTorrent History Who developed BitTorrent? When it was developed?
A: Bram Cohen
When it was developed?
~2002
Is it a defacto?
Could say so..
Photo by Frank Ockenfels 3; Stylist/Groomer: Amanda Stansfield. Issue 13.01: The Wired magazine.

15. How BitTorrent is used:
.torrent files located on the web
Can be found through BitTorrent search engines
Download process  BitTorrent program opens up .torrent file to retrieve information about download file
Upload process  happens simultaneously with the download

16. What BitTorrent is: Protocol for transferring any type of files
Peer-to-peer networking
Centralized server  Full Mesh topology
Tracker file used to define information being sent  “the packets” in a network

17. BitTorrent Network Structure
shown with centralized server
directing tracking information
to computers in P2P network.
From “NTL And BitTorrent Announce P2P File-Sharing Trial” Feb

18. BitTorrent vs. Kazaa
BitTorrent allows users to connect to each other through a torrent source file for maximum bandwidth allowances
Has the ability to upload impartial pieces of the targeted file for download
Kazaa connects through many users but doesn’t take advantage of BitTorrent’s download/upload efficiency technology
Files must be complete for uploading

19. BitTorrent Contrast Advantages: Disadvantages
Faster speeds (compared to Kazaa)
Connection efficiency
Reliable
Many search engines to find files
Disadvantages
Difficulty level of starting a torrent to share
Hurts music, movie industry
More complicated process to download files

20. Future for P2P Networks Darknets – private peer to peer networks
“Underground” compared to open networks
Invitation only by the operators
Mostly programmers start Darknets
“A darknet as a group of individuals who have a covert, dispersed communication channel.” ~Eric Cole of Lockheed Martin, advanced technology company

21. Questions?
Thank you for your time.