1. COUNTRY STUDY - POLAND POLISH PROGRAMME OF MOTORWAYS CONSTRUCTIONS - BARRIERS OF IMPLEMENTATION Prof. Jan Burnewicz, dr Monika Bak University Of Gdansk Highways: cost and regulation in Europe Workshop in Bergamo, November 26 th - 27 th 2004

2. STRUCTURE OF THE PAPER Polish „network” of motorways – comparison with other European countries; Brief history of motorways construction in Poland; Practical realisation of the programme from the beginning of nineties; Significance of motorways in Polish transport and economic systems; Evolution of financing conceptions; EU funds.

3. MOTORWAYS DEVELOPMENT IN POLAND Imbalance between growth rate of road network and number of vehicles in Poland in the years 1946-2004 Years Annual growth rate of total road network (%) Annual growth rate of motorway network (%) Annual growth rate of number of vehicles (%) 1946-19600.810.0018.45 1961-19752.120.008.14 1976-19901.614.405.59 1991-20040.826.704.14

4. POLISH „NETWORK” - COMPARISON WITH OTHER COUNTRIES Length of motorways in Europe per 1 million of citizens in 2001

5. POLAND AGAINST THE BACKGROUND OF NEW EU MEMBER STATES PRIVATE MOTORISATION GROWTH Number of passenger cars per 1000 citizens UE 15 - 479

6. POLAND AGAINST THE BACKGROUND OF NEW EU MEMBER STATES EXTENSION OF MOTORWAYS Density of motorways in km per 1000 km 2 UE 15 – 16,3

7. EXTENSION OF MOTORWAYS NETWORK IN POLAND IN THE YEARS 1990-2004 IN KM

8. EVOLUTION OF CONCEPTIONS OF MOTORWAYS EXPANSION IN POLAND Plan of 1946

9. EVOLUTION OF CONCEPTIONS OF MOTORWAYS EXPANSION IN POLAND

10. PAID AND FREE MOTORWAYS IN POLAND 50 km F F F P P P P F F F NOVEMBER 2004, 523 KM

11. A-1 Gdansk Transport Company, concession in 1997, Realisation - no 1995 – Agency of Motorways Construction and Exploitation advertised for tenders A-2 Autostrada Wielkopolska S.A – concession in 1997 Realisation – 150 km, Tolls – 150 km (3x2.6 EUR) A-4 (exploitation) Stalexport Autostrada Małopolska S.A – concession in 1997 Realisation – starting charging Tolls – 61 km (2.3 EUR) A1 A2 A4 CONSTRUCTION AND EXPLOITATION OF MOTORWAYS IN CONCESSION SYSTEM

12. IMPACTS OF FUTURE MOTORWAYS - short term

13. COMPARISON OF ECONOMIC EFFECTS OF 150 KM OF A-1, A-2, A-4 MOTORWAYS AND RAIL LINE (in 2010)

14. IMPACT OF MOTORWAYS ON GDP IN REGIONS ADHERENT TO THE MOTORWAYS

15. EVOLUTION OF FINANCING CONCEPTIONS Until 1993 – traditional budget funds, 1993 – Programme of Motorways Construction, 1994 - Act of paid motorways - state budget 10-15%, BOT system, 2000 – National Motorways Fund (revenues from vignettes, loans, emission of bonds, etc.), not operated in practice, 2002 - Replacing toll system by vignette system (for all users), ABiEA joined to GDDP – forming central GDDKiA, 2003 – stop the vignette project.

16. NEW LEGAL AND ORGANISATIONAL INITIATIVES (2003-2004) Act of specific rules of preparation and realisation of investments in the scope of national roads, Act amending an act of paid motorways of 1994 – replacing National Motorways Fund by National Road Fund – suppied by new fuel charge, Fuel charge introduced in 2004 - 105 PLN per 1 ton of fuel, estimated revenues in 2004 = 1537 PLN (ca. 319 million EUR), (in 2003 state budget expenditures for motorways construction – 85 million PLN)

17. EU FUNDS – SUPPORT FOR MOTORWAYS CONSTRUCTION IN POLAND 2004-2006 Sectoral Operational Programme - Transport Strategy of Use Cohesion Fund in Transport Integrated Programme of Regional Development Increase of transport infrastructure investments up to 1.8% of GDP, until 2008 new 255 km of motorways

18. FINAL REMARKS Good potential for new investments: – supply side - economic and social development, satisfactory progress in transformation, - demand side – boom of private motorisation, dynamic increase of road freight carriages, Weak effects: - organisational barriers, - insufficient financial means, - social and political conflicts.