1. DISCRIMINATION denying opportunities or rights because of prejudice (stemming from racism, sexism, homophobia, etc.)

2. How much discrimination actually occurs?

3. What story do you tell yourself about these numbers? White - 8.7 percent Black - 14.7 percent Hispanic - 12.2 percent Asian - 8.4 percent Native Amer. - highest Unemployment Rate June 2009

4. Researchers sent out 5,000 resumes that were identical except for the name. Group One Marianne Brett Greg Jill Anne Emily Amanda Neil Group Two Tamika Ebony Aisha Rasheed Kareem Julio Malika Sharnise

5. Those resumes with white sounding names elicited 50 percent more responses than resumes with black/brown sounding names: 1:10 vs. 1:15 What response would people receive who are named Ahmed, Ali, Reza, Abdullah, Maryam, or Nura?

6. “The Mark of a Criminal Record” Issue: – Over 2 million people are currently incarcerated in U.S. – 95% of all inmates are eventually released – Over 12 million ex-felons live in the U.S. Roughly 8% of the working-age population Research Question What are the employment outcomes of black and white men when they have a criminal record?

7. “The Mark of a Criminal Record” Methodology – matched pairs of individuals (“testers”) applied for real jobs – test whether employers respond differently to applicants on the basis of race and criminal record Four Testers: two black - two white – 23 years old – matched exactly on appearance, style of presentation, and personal background

8. “The Mark of a Criminal Record” The white and black men took turns claiming to have a criminal record – Felony drug charge (possession with intent to distribute cocaine) – 18 months in prison Out of 350 job possibilities, which group (white or black) received the most call backs?

9. “The Mark of a Criminal” Percent Receiving Callbacks

10. In a replicated study using the same controls, Hispanics received less favorable treatment than whites 20 percent of the time.

12. Mortgage Discrimination-2005 Tester studies regularly reveal that blacks, Latinos, and Native Americans routinely receive: -Less loan product information from banks -Less time with bank loan officers -Higher interest rate quotes

13. Mortgage Discrimination-2005 THEY ALSO REVEAL THAT: Blacks were twice as likely as whites to be denied a 30 year loan Latinos were 1.5 times as likely as whites to be denied a 30 year loan Blacks, Latinos and Asians routinely pay higher mortgage rates than whites with equal income, status, wealth, education, etc.

14. 60-80% of the black/brown housing testers faced discrimination when they go to a landlord or an apartment manager looking for rental housing compared to the white- paired partner. - According to research by Joe Feagin - 2004

15. Percentage of Americans holding strong anti-Jewish attitudes. 1966: 33% of Americans felt that Jews had “too much power” 2010: 12% of Americans felt that Jews had “too much power”

16. Home Ownership and Race White – 75.8% Black – 48.2 Asian/PI – 60.1 Hispanic – 49.5 American Indian – 58.2 Other – 59.2 SOURCE: U.S. Census Bureau (2005)

17. Latent Discrimination and Prejudice

18. “Latent Prejudice” occurs when: people endorse egalitarian values and consider themselves non- prejudiced but… 1. harbor unconscious negative feelings about other groups 2. discriminate in subtle ways that people don’t even see or can easily rationalize away

19. This is the first layer of “latent prejudice” You send out an email in which you refer to a given black man as a “banana- eating jungle monkey”…it’s pretty certain that you cannot say (with a straight face): "I have so many friends of every type of culture and race you can name. I am not a racist.” “But I am a banana eating jungle monkey” – Officer Justin Barrett, Boston City Police Department, who referred to Henry Louis Gates in this way in a mass email

20. However, few people ever have to justify latent prejudice because they never see it.

21. If my partner and I could not have children and we were going to adopt, I would be willing to adopt a child with racial ancestry other than my own (or that of my partner). Strongly Agree Agree Neutral Disagree Strongly Disagree

22. If my partner and I could not have children and we were going to use the sperm or the egg of another person, I would be willing to use the sperm or egg of a person with racial ancestry other than my own (or that of my partner). Strongly Agree Agree Neutral Disagree Strongly Disagree

23. How could you consider yourself to be free of racism and still NOT answer “strongly agree” to either of these statements?

24. Next to whom are they most likely to sit? a.White woman b.Black woman c.Asian woman d.Muslim woman

25. How could we ever control for the many things that are going through the minds of people as they do this exercise?

27. Will white people offer assistance to people of color as readily as they assist other white people – and vice versa? White subjects thought themselves to be bystanders or witnesses an emergency The victims were either black/brown or white As solo bystanders, the race of victim did not matter But what happened when there were other bystanders present? They all asked themselves the following questions: – Will they help or should I? If they don’t help, does that mean it’s not really an emergency? If they all help, perhaps I don’t have to?

28. ANSWER: They helped victims of color half as often as they helped white victims. Does this mean they’re racist? QUESTION: How about the helping behavior of People of Color? They helped white victims almost as often as they helped victims of color.

29. Learning from the Findings 1. Helping behavior increases when the victim is most like us or when we relate to the victim in some way 2. It also increases when we expect to see the victim again 3. People who are most likely to help others of different groups are people who have had greater contact with those groups - they saw “victims” as being like them

34. Who do you feel is more “comfortable in their body”? a.My sister b.My brother c.They’re equally comfortable

38. Muslims in the U.S. Muslims in the U.S. Is the glass half full or half empty?

39. Is the glass half full or half empty? What do you take from this video? this is what we’re arguing about.

40. How will their lives be affected by the backgrounds of their friends?

41. How about these kids?

42. Or these?

43. Residents of the White House

44. “Latent Prejudice” occurs when: people endorse egalitarian values and consider themselves non- prejudiced but… 1. harbor unconscious negative feelings about other groups 2. discriminate in subtle ways that people don’t even see or can easily rationalize away

45. What is the education of your parents? a.Both are high school graduates (or less) b.One or both went to college but never graduated c.One has graduated from a 4-year college d.Both have graduated from a 4-year college e.At least one has earned more than a 4-year college degree

46. What about poor white people?

47. Of the 43.6 million people living below the poverty line in the U.S. in 2010, what percentage are white? a.12 percent b.20 percent c.34 percent d.47 percent e.58 percent

48. Poverty in the U.S. (2010) White = 20.5 million People of Color = 22.8 million ** In 2000, white people outnumbered people of color in terms of total poverty

49. Tammy’s Story

50. Discussion Questions For Students of Color: What do you think white people expect people of color to say about Tammy? What do you think white people want to hear people of color say about Tammy? For White Students: What do you think people of color will say about Tammy? What would you like to hear people of color say about Tammy?

51. PEOPLE OF COLOR I feel compassion for Tammy. a. Strongly Agree b. Agree c. Disagree d. Strongly Disagree e. Disagree because I’m a psychopath and I don’t feel compassion for anybody.

52. I might feel MORE compassion for Tammy if she was of my race/ethnicity. a. Strongly Agree b. Agree c. Disagree d. Strongly Disagree e. Disagree because I’m a psychopath and I don’t feel compassion for anybody.

53. I might feel LESS compassion for Tammy if she was of my race/ethnicity. a. Strongly Agree b. Agree c. Disagree d. Strongly Disagree e. Disagree because I’m a psychopath and I don’t feel compassion for anybody.

54. WHITE PEOPLE I feel compassion for Tammy. a. Strongly Agree b. Agree c. Disagree d. Strongly Disagree e. Disagree because I’m a psychopath and I don’t feel compassion for anybody.

55. I might feel MORE compassion for Tammy if she was black or brown. a. Strongly Agree b. Agree c. Disagree d. Strongly Disagree e. Disagree because I’m a psychopath and I don’t feel compassion for anybody.

56. I might feel LESS compassion for Tammy if she was black or brown. a. Strongly Agree b. Agree c. Disagree d. Strongly Disagree e. Disagree because I’m a psychopath and I don’t feel compassion for anybody.

57. I feel uncomfortable because I feel pressured to give money. a. Strongly Agree b. Agree c. c. Disagree d. Strongly Disagree

59. I am open to marriage (or lifetime commitment) with someone from another racial group. Strongly Agree – 35.2% Agree – 37.6% Neutral – 18.1% Disagree – 8.0% Strongly Disagree – 0.9%

60. DISCRIMINATION denying opportunities or rights because of prejudice (and racism, sexism, homophobia, etc.)

61. White House

63. Plantation Slaves

64. Whipped Slave

65. Work – Picking Cotton

68. Percentage of White students who described blacks as “ignorant”: 1933 – 38% 1951 – 24% 1967 – 11% 1982 – 10% 1988 – 6% 1990 – 5% 1996 – 2%

69. Residents of the White House

70. McCain on Obama (from 4:40 – 6:40)

71. Remember this? Affirmative Action for Whites? New York – New Jersey area: – 67,000 low interest (GI Bill) mortgages were given to WWII Vets – Virtually no proof of eligibility was needed aside from being a vet – Virtually no down payment was needed 100 of these went to veterans of color – 12 percent of veterans were of color – That is, about 7,000 loans were not received by people who should have received them in a fair world

73. How could the Obama presidency possibly alter this cycle?

74. Prison vs. Dorms More then three times as many Black people live in prison cells as in college dorms 2.7 times as many Hispanics live in prison cells as in college dorms Twice as many Whites are living in college housing as in a prison or jail. Data: Bureau of the Census

76. Aren’t we all just a little bit racist?

77. How do you explain why more black, Latina, and Native American teens have babies out of wedlock than white teens? How do you explain why more poor teens have children out of wedlock than wealthier teens?

78. How do you explain why more black, Latina, and Native American teens have babies out of wedlock than white teens? How do you explain why more poor teens have children out of wedlock than wealthier teens?