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Electromagnetism and Energy
Causes and effects of static and dynamic electric & magnetic fields Maxwell equations yield electromagnetic waves Electromagnetic energy Thermal energy: heating, melting, boiling, Potential energy: electrostatic, gravitational Kinetic energy Bernoulli equation
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Electrodynamics Giancoli Ch.21-29 Physics of Astronomy, winter week 6
Star Date HW: finish CO 3.6, magnitudes Overview of EM & Maxwell’s eqns Minilectures Derive EM wave equation and c Next week: write Interim Research Planning Report Boas Ch.4: partial differentiation (1-6) Week 8: Modern physics + CO Ch.5: Interaction of light and matter
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Causes and effects of E Gauss: E fields diverge from charges
Lorentz: E fields can move charges F = q E
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Causes and effects of B Ampere: B fields curl around currents
Lorentz: B fields can bend moving charges F = q v x X = IL x B
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Changing fields create new fields!
Faraday: Changing magnetic flux induces circulating electric field Guess what a changing E field induces?
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Changing E field creates B field!
Current piles charge onto capacitor Magnetic field doesn’t stop Changing “displacement current”
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Maxwell’s equations
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Maxwell eqns electromagnetic waves
Consider waves traveling in the x direction with frequency f= w/2p and wavelength l= 2p/k E(x,t)=E0 sin (kx-wt) and B(x,t)=B0 sin (kx-wt) Do these solve Faraday and Ampere’s laws?
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Faraday + Ampere
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Sub in: E=E0 sin (kx-wt) and B=B0 sin (kx-wt)
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Speed of Maxwellian waves?
Faraday B0/E0 = 1/v Ampere B0/E0 = m0 e0 v Eliminate B0/E0 and solve for v: e0 = 8.85 x C2 N/m2 m0 = 4 p x 10-7 Tm/A
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Maxwell equations Light
E(x,t)=E0 sin (kx-wt) and B(x,t)=B0 sin (kx-wt) solve Faraday’s and Ampere’s laws. Electromagnetic waves in vacuum have speed c and energy/volume = 1/2 e0 E2 = B2 /(2m0 )
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