1. AGATA A. Gadea (IFIC, CSIC-Univ. Valencia) for the AGATA collaboration FEE Workshop November 17 th -18 th 2011 PROMETEO

2. Tracking Arrays based on Position Sensitive Ge Detectors Large  Arrays based on Compton Suppressed Spectrometers   10 — 5 % ( M  =1  M  =30) EUROBALL EXOGAMMINIBALL Compact  Arrays optimized Doppler correction, low M  AGATA   20 % M  =1   40 — 20 % ( M  =1  M  =30)

3. Concept of  -Tracking Pulse Shape Analysis to de-convolute the recorded waves DAQ PSA - FARM Highly segmented HPGe detectors NOVEL PRE-AMPS Identified interaction points (x,y,z,E,t) i Reconstruction of interaction tracks (tracking algorithms on interaction points) DAQ TRACKING-FARM Synchronized digital electronics record and process the segment signals DIGITIZERS + PRE-PROCESSING On-line reconstruction of  -rays         

4. 6660 high-resolution digital electronics channels High throughput DAQ Pulse Shape Analysis  position sensitive operation mode  -ray tracking algorithms  maximum efficiency and P/T 180 hexagonal crystals:3 shapes 60 triple-clusters: all equal Inner radius (Ge): 23.5 cm Amount of germanium: 362 kg Solid angle coverage: 82 % 36-fold segmentation 6480 segments Crystal singles rate ~50 kHz Efficiency (M  =1 [30]): 43% [28%] Peak/Total (M  =1 [30]):58% [49%] AGATA AGATA (Advanced GAmma Tracking Array) Encapsulation

5. AGATA Triple Cryostat - mechanical precision - optimal LN2 consumption - microphonics - noise, high frequencies - mechanical precision - optimal LN2 consumption - microphonics - noise, high frequencies - integration of 111 high - Resolution spectroscopy - channels - cold FET technology for all signals - integration of 111 high - Resolution spectroscopy - channels - cold FET technology for all signals FWHM [keV] @1.3 MeV @ 60 keV Core 2.10 keV @ 1.3 MeV 1.20 keV @ 60 keV

6. The AGATA sub-array installed at LNL

7. Position Resolution from in-beam tests.   Beam Recoil  ray 30 Si@70MeV + 12 C Position Resolution FWHM 1 MeV PhotoElectric Compton Pair-production Position of first interactions at AGATA nominal distance P.-A. Söderström J. Nyberg Uppsala University F. Recchia, INFN-Padova

8. T30T60T90 90% 10% T90 AGATA Detector Characterization Ring Sector Segment Signals: Core Signals: Radial position Azimuthal position Depth

9. Structure of Electronics and DAQ TRACKING Control, Storage… EVENT BUILDER PSA FARM Core + 36 seg. GL Trigger Clock 100 MHz T-Stamp Other detectors Fast 1 st Level Trigger interface to GTS, merge time-stamped data into event builder, prompt local trigger from digitisers Detector Level Other Detectors Diff. Fast-reset-TOT 75.5db SNR 12.2 ENOB GTS DIGITIZER PREAMPL. ATCA Carrier GTS Global Level DAQ-NARVAL RUN- & SLOW-Control HIGH THROUGHTPUT PRE-PROCESSING CARRIER / MEZZANINES Other detectors INFN-MI/GANIL/KÖLNIPHC/Liverpool/ STFC IPNO/CSNSM/INFN-Pd IPNO/CSNSM/ LNL/GANIL/IFJ-PAN INFN-Pd Digital preamplifier concept 200MB/s/ segment 100MB/s/ detector

10. ADC overflow voltage level Saturated output without pulsed-reset Ideal non-saturated output without pulsed- reset Preamplifier output with continuous-reset (50  s decay time constant) Output with pulsed-reset An ADC overflow condition would saturate the system for a long while A pulsed-reset mechanism allows a fast recovery of the output quiescent value minimizing the system dead time INFN-Milano, GANIL, IKP-Köln AGATA hybrid charge sensitive preamplifiers … with fast reset capability

11. E = energy of the large signal T = reset time Baseline correction Time-Over-Threshold (TOT) technique V 1, V 2 = pre-pulse and post-pulse baselines b 1, b 2, k 1, E 0 = fitting parameters second-order time-energy relation offset F.Zocca, A.Pullia, G.Pascovici Within ADC range “pulse-height mode” Beyond ADC range “reset mode”

12. The AGATA Digitiser 1 module per AGATA crystal (3 per AGATA triple cluster) Analogue and Digital Inspection lines Digital CFD decupled output for General purpose trigger (e.g. Fast trigger complementary detectors conventional electronics ) Local histogramming capability Excellent Performance: SNR average value 75.45 dB. ENOB average value 12.24 bits IPHC Strasbourg, The University of Liverpool, STFC-Daresbury

13. ATCA Pre-Processing Electronics ATCA -Carrier SEGMENT mezzanine (also Core mezzanine) 6 channels GTS mezzanine The Pre-Processing is the first level that can interact with the Global Trigger through the GTS mezzannine. It receives, and send to the Digitizer, the Global clock synchronizing the system. IPN-Orsay, CSNSM-Orsay, INFN-Padova INFN-Padova

14. Analogue vs Digital Electronics Detector (Germanium) Detector (Germanium) Shaping Amplifier CFD DAQ E t FADC MWD DCFD Filters DAQ E t ADC TDC PSA Tracking E t x,y,z E t Standard Arrays AGATA SegmentDetectorArray Detector (Germanium) Detector (Germanium)

15. Energy with Digital signals: Moving Window Deconvolution removes shaping-effect of preamplifier ⇒ current signal recovered calculates real collected charge by integrating current signal integration carried out within a moving window to avoid summation of events noise-suppression by averaging charge signal recursive algorithm A.Georgiev & W.Gast IEEE Nucl. Sci. 40 (1993) 770 G[n] = G[n – 1] + FADC[n] – k × FADC[n – 1] – FADC[n – L] + k × FADC[n – L – 1] k = pre-amplifier response (e –  

16. Energy with Digital signals: Moving Window Deconvolution removes shaping-effect of preamplifier ⇒ current signal recovered calculates real collected charge by integrating current signal integration carried out within a moving window to avoid summation of events noise-suppression by averaging charge signal recursive algorithm A.Georgiev & W.Gast IEEE Nucl. Sci. 40 (1993) 770 G[n] = G[n – 1] + FADC[n] – k × FADC[n – 1] – FADC[n – L] + k × FADC[n – L – 1] k = pre-amplifier response (e –  

17. Digital Pulse Processing for typical functions Leading Edge Discrimination: y[n]=x[n]-x[n-k](differentiation) y[n]= (x[n]+x[n-2]) +x[n-1]<<1( Gaussian filtering ) Threshold comparison →LED time Constant Fraction Discrimination: y[n]=x[n]-x[n-k](differentiation) y[n]= (x[n]+x[n-2]) +x[n-1]<<1( Gaussian filtering ) y[n]=x[n-k]<<a-x[n]( constant fraction ) Zero crossing comparison →CFD time J.T. Anderson IEEE Nucl. Sci. 25 (2007) 1751

18. The Central Contact at 40 kHz 1 ms sampled at 100 Ms/s Samples SCC, MWD (width 5  s) 28 events 5 pileups AGATA pre-processing common widths 4  s (low rate) and 2.5  s (high rate)

19. M. Bellato, L. Berti, J. Chavas, INFN-Pd and LNL

20. Partitions Coincidence Prompt and delayed Case study: –M(Ge) >= N and M(Other Detector) >= K before/after deltaT M. Bellato, L. Berti, J. Chavas, INFN-Pd and LNL

21. AGATA and Other Detectors Other VME GTS supervisor Event Builder PSA Pre-processing Other Readout Digitizer Tracking Online analysis Storage GTS local Other Analogue prompt trigger REQ VAL REQ VAL Ancillary Merge Pre-processing Trigger AGAVA IFJ-PAN NARVAL DAQ IPN-Orsay, CSNSM-Orsay INFN-LNL,GANIL, IFJ-PAN-Crakow Advanced Data Flow system developed in ADA

22. Interaction - Reconstruction Mechanisms ~ 100 keV ~1 MeV ~ 10 MeV  -ray energy Isolated hits Angle/Energy Pattern of hits Photoelectric Compton Scattering Pair Production Probability of E 1st = E  – 2 mc 2 interaction depth Reconstruction efficiencies are limited by : Position resolution; Short range scattering; Compton profile.

23. The AGATA Phase 1 Objective of phase 1 (2010-2015) Beyond the AGATA Demonstrator:  Phase 1  20 triple Clusters  The first “real” tracking array AGATA > 1  To be used at FAIR-HISPEC, SPIRAL2, SPES … Coupled to spectrometers, beam tracker, LCP arrays … AGATA Demonstrator

24. Future FEE R&D New Electronics needed: 32 Capsules already ordered (new coming) Commitment: No Triple Cluster without instrumentation Production Delivery within 2013 Design: Same basis, compatible (possibly), more integrated, lower costs INFN-Padova, INFN-Milano, CSNSM-Orsay +Working Group INFN-Padova / INFN-Milano Distributed FEE Proposal CSNSM-Orsay Embedded FEE Proposal

25. The AGATA Collaboration Bulgaria: Univ. Sofia Denmark: NBI Copenhagen Finland: Univ. Jyväskylä France: GANIL Caen, IPN Lyon, CSNSM Orsay, IPN Orsay, CEA-DSM-DAPNIA Saclay, IPHC Strasbourg, LPSC Grenoble Germany: GSI Darmstadt, TU Darmstadt, Univ. zu Köln, TU München Hungary: ATOMKI Debrecen Italy: INFN-LNL, INFN and Univ. Padova, Milano, Firenze, Genova, Napoli, Poland: NINP and IFJ Krakow, SINS Swierk, HIL & IEP Warsaw Romania: NIPNE & PU Bucharest Sweden: Univ. Göteborg, Lund Univ., KTH Stockholm, Uppsala Univ. Turkey:Univ. Ankara, Univ. Istanbul, Technical Univ. Istanbul UK: Univ. Brighton, CLRC Daresbury, Univ. Edinburgh, Univ. Liverpool, Univ. Manchester, Univ. West of Scotland, Univ. Surrey, Univ. York Spain: IFIC Valencia, IEM-CSIC Madrid, LRI Univ. Salamanca >12 Countries >40 Institutions Web page AGATA-Spain: www.agata.org.es