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Welcome Students!
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Impact Craters! moon
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What is a Crater? Left: Craters on the moon
Right: Smiley Face Crater on Mars
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Crater: is bowl-shaped hole that is formed when an object hits the surface of a planet
Crater on Earth
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Some craters on Earth are created by volcanoes
Volcanic crater in Hawaii
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What Causes Impact Craters?
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Meteorites! Meteorite: is an object from space that hits the surface of a planet usually rock or metal Different types of meteorites found on Earth
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Have you ever seen a shooting star?
While still in the air, shooting stars are called meteors
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Why are craters different sizes?
Craters on the moon
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The size of the crater depends on:
the size of the meteor the speed of the meteor Which ones will make larger craters? Smaller craters? Larger craters Meteorites found on Earth Smaller craters
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What makes some go faster?
Gravity! Simplified: gravity makes larger meteorites go faster, so they hit harder More: The equation for the force of gravity is F=m*a Where F=force of gravity on an object M=mass of object a= acceleration due to gravity Therefore, an object with a larger mass will have a greater force applied too it by gravity causing its velocity to increase more rapidly. This increases its kinetic energy (KE= .5*m*v^2), so that when it hits it releases more energy than a smaller object would upon impact.
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What are the parts of a crater?
Wall Diameter Floor Raised Rim
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Impact Craters on Earth
Upper Left: Spider Crater in Australia, diameter: 13 km, age: more than 570 Million years Upper Right: Barringer Crater in Arizona, diameter: 1.2 km, Age: 49,000 Years Lower Left: Lonar Crater in India, Diameter: 1.8 km, Age: 52,000 years Lower Right: Tswaing Crater in South Africa, Diameter: 1.1 km, Age: 200,000 years
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Why does the Earth look so different from the moon?
The Earth has an atmosphere Meteorites burn up before they hit Erosion from wind and rain
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No atmosphere means craters don’t go away
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The Activity Measure height of the ball above the flour pan Height
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Gently drop, don’t throw, the ball into the pan
Flour Pan
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Carefully take the ball out of the pan
Measure the diameter of the crater left by the ball Diameter
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Diameter of Crater in Centimeters
8.5 8 7.5 7 6.5 6 5.5 5 4.5 4 Diameter in Centimeters Drop 1 Drop 2 Drop 3 Drop 4 Drop 5 Record your results Drop again from a different height Graph your results
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A hypothesis is a guess of what will happen in an experiment
Write a Hypothesis A hypothesis is a guess of what will happen in an experiment
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Drop
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How do we know what the Moon is made of?
Probes/Astronauts Spectroscopy Core Samples
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First draw a picture of your sample and record observations
Core Sample Activity First draw a picture of your sample and record observations
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Next take your core sample by gently pressing your straw through your sample
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Now squeeze out your core sample, draw a picture of it, and write down what you observe
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Cut open your sample to observe the layers
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Compare your sample to the knowns and determine what type of sample it is
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Did you Know? Astronauts took core samples of the moon!
This is a picture of Buzz Aldrin taking a core sample of the Moon during the Apollo 11 Mission
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