1. XFEL The European XRAY-Laser Project in Northernn Germany The Safety-Concept Stefan Schrader April 2005 XFEL X-Ray Free-Electron Laser XFEL X-Ray Free-Electron Laser 1 XFEL The European XRAY-Laser Project in Northern Germany The Safety-Concept 1.What is the XFEL 2.XFEL – Progress of Planning 3.Components 4.Safety Concept

2. XFEL The European XRAY-Laser Project in Northernn Germany The Safety-Concept Stefan Schrader April 2005 XFEL X-Ray Free-Electron Laser XFEL X-Ray Free-Electron Laser 2 1. What is the XFEL?

3. XFEL The European XRAY-Laser Project in Northernn Germany The Safety-Concept Stefan Schrader April 2005 XFEL X-Ray Free-Electron Laser XFEL X-Ray Free-Electron Laser 3 Science with Synchrotron-Radiation Accelerator as Super-Light-Source If particles fly around a bend, they send out a wide spectrum of bright light: Synchrotron-Radiation Science at surfaces Science with matter Molecularbiology Medicine Chemistry Geology... What is the XFEL?

4. XFEL The European XRAY-Laser Project in Northernn Germany The Safety-Concept Stefan Schrader April 2005 XFEL X-Ray Free-Electron Laser XFEL X-Ray Free-Electron Laser 4 The way to X-RAY-Laser For over 100 Years: X-RAYS –Penetrate matter –The wavelength fits to the distance of the atoms To see what the eye doesn´t see Since then: – Further developements of X-RAY-tubes were made – Synchrotron-Radiation-Sources (at DESY since 1964)

5. XFEL The European XRAY-Laser Project in Northernn Germany The Safety-Concept Stefan Schrader April 2005 XFEL X-Ray Free-Electron Laser XFEL X-Ray Free-Electron Laser 5 What do they wish to do? Watching of: –Single molecules (3dimensional) –Movings and chemical reactions Idea: Ultrashort super bright light flashes to watch fast reactions at atomic layer Combining the qualities of X-RAY-light and laser-light in the X-RAY-Free-Electron-Laser

6. XFEL The European XRAY-Laser Project in Northernn Germany The Safety-Concept Stefan Schrader April 2005 XFEL X-Ray Free-Electron Laser XFEL X-Ray Free-Electron Laser 6 The possibilities of XFEL atomic solution  structure of molecules bright light flashes (billion times brighter than up to now)

7. XFEL The European XRAY-Laser Project in Northernn Germany The Safety-Concept Stefan Schrader April 2005 XFEL X-Ray Free-Electron Laser XFEL X-Ray Free-Electron Laser 7 short light flashes (<100 Femtoseconds) in fast flashings recording of chemical reactions You can see how a muscle moves or catalytic processes work new applications in biology, pharmacy, science of life The possibilities of XFEL

8. XFEL The European XRAY-Laser Project in Northernn Germany The Safety-Concept Stefan Schrader April 2005 XFEL X-Ray Free-Electron Laser XFEL X-Ray Free-Electron Laser 8 2. XFEL – Progress of Technical Planning

9. XFEL The European XRAY-Laser Project in Northernn Germany The Safety-Concept Stefan Schrader April 2005 XFEL X-Ray Free-Electron Laser XFEL X-Ray Free-Electron Laser 9 –~02/2003: Ministry of Science: decision to realise XFEL as European Project –~10/2003: Decision for the site at Schenefeld – ~ 12/2003: Establishing of a workgroup at DESY for the preparation of the PA P – 29/09/2004: The treaty between Hamburg and Schleswig-Holstein gets signed – 01/01/2005: Begin of the treaty between Hamburg and Schleswig-Holstein Neighbour Village Schenefeld

10. XFEL The European XRAY-Laser Project in Northernn Germany The Safety-Concept Stefan Schrader April 2005 XFEL X-Ray Free-Electron Laser XFEL X-Ray Free-Electron Laser 10 Overview 2005/2006 Technical Planning XFEL finished10.12.2004 Version zero of plan approval procedure (PAP) ready15.01.2005 Motion for plan approval procedure 15.04.2005 Layout of documentation for the public01.05.2005? End of Layout15.06.2005? Date of discussion with authorities01.10.2005? Resolution for PAPEnd 2005? Start of construction workAutum 2006?

11. XFEL The European XRAY-Laser Project in Northernn Germany The Safety-Concept Stefan Schrader April 2005 XFEL X-Ray Free-Electron Laser XFEL X-Ray Free-Electron Laser 11 3. XFEL – Components

12. XFEL The European XRAY-Laser Project in Northernn Germany The Safety-Concept Stefan Schrader April 2005 XFEL X-Ray Free-Electron Laser XFEL X-Ray Free-Electron Laser 12 Schenefeld DESY Osdorfer Born Marked-out route XFEL Beam 2nd Part 1st Part

13. XFEL The European XRAY-Laser Project in Northernn Germany The Safety-Concept Stefan Schrader April 2005 XFEL X-Ray Free-Electron Laser XFEL X-Ray Free-Electron Laser 13 Components of XFEL Schenefeld - Total length ~3300 m (~11.000 ft.) - Depth 8 to 25 m (26 to 75 ft.) - Tunnel diameters 5.2 m and 4.5 m (~ 18 ft. and 15 ft.) - 12 shafts for both parts - 2 experimental halls 50 m x 90 m (~ 164 ft. x 295 ft.)

14. XFEL The European XRAY-Laser Project in Northernn Germany The Safety-Concept Stefan Schrader April 2005 XFEL X-Ray Free-Electron Laser XFEL X-Ray Free-Electron Laser 14 Components of XFEL Schenefeld 2,1 km (~ 6900 ft.) superconducting accelerator at 2 Degrees Kelvin

15. XFEL The European XRAY-Laser Project in Northernn Germany The Safety-Concept Stefan Schrader April 2005 XFEL X-Ray Free-Electron Laser XFEL X-Ray Free-Electron Laser 15 DESY 1,2 km (~ 4000 ft.) XRAY-“Junctions“ with the undulators Components of XFEL

16. XFEL The European XRAY-Laser Project in Northernn Germany The Safety-Concept Stefan Schrader April 2005 XFEL X-Ray Free-Electron Laser XFEL X-Ray Free-Electron Laser 16 DESY Experimental hall with the first 10 measuring huts Components of XFEL

17. XFEL The European XRAY-Laser Project in Northernn Germany The Safety-Concept Stefan Schrader April 2005 XFEL X-Ray Free-Electron Laser XFEL X-Ray Free-Electron Laser 17 Site of Schenefeld Photon- beam

18. XFEL The European XRAY-Laser Project in Northernn Germany The Safety-Concept Stefan Schrader April 2005 XFEL X-Ray Free-Electron Laser XFEL X-Ray Free-Electron Laser 18 3. XFEL – Safety concept

19. XFEL The European XRAY-Laser Project in Northernn Germany The Safety-Concept Stefan Schrader April 2005 XFEL X-Ray Free-Electron Laser XFEL X-Ray Free-Electron Laser 19 The safety concept is compiled by Prof. Dr.-Ing. Alfred Haack STUVA (Studiengesellschaft für unterirdische Verkehrsanlagen e.V.) and the XFEL-workgroups at DESY The safety concept

20. XFEL The European XRAY-Laser Project in Northernn Germany The Safety-Concept Stefan Schrader April 2005 XFEL X-Ray Free-Electron Laser XFEL X-Ray Free-Electron Laser 20 The safety concept Main-targets in case of emergency: 1.Guarantee of Personal Safety 2.Guarantee of Plant Safety

21. XFEL The European XRAY-Laser Project in Northernn Germany The Safety-Concept Stefan Schrader April 2005 XFEL X-Ray Free-Electron Laser XFEL X-Ray Free-Electron Laser 21 This has to be reached during equipment, run- and maintenance- periods by: 1. Technical measures 1.1 Definition of fire- and smoke-separations 1.2 Smoke extraction 1.3 General safety installation 1.4Installations (cables, transformers, electronics) that are as fireproof as possible AND 2. Organizational measures 3. Personal measures The safety concept

22. XFEL The European XRAY-Laser Project in Northernn Germany The Safety-Concept Stefan Schrader April 2005 XFEL X-Ray Free-Electron Laser XFEL X-Ray Free-Electron Laser 22 The safety concept Separate consideration of standard buildings and tunnels and shafts  Standard buildings similar to building regulations of Hamburg and Schleswig-Holstein  Technical buildings similar to Industrial Building Regulation  Experimental hall, tunnels and shafts Which regulations to use???

23. XFEL The European XRAY-Laser Project in Northernn Germany The Safety-Concept Stefan Schrader April 2005 XFEL X-Ray Free-Electron Laser XFEL X-Ray Free-Electron Laser 23 Our problem: There are no standards for our XFEL-underground buildings. Our task: Definition of our own rules for PAP for these buildings. The safety concept Lets focus on buildings: Experimental hall, tunnels and shafts:  special scientific underground buildings  no standards for scientific underground buildings  we proceed similar to traffic tunnels and stations

24. XFEL The European XRAY-Laser Project in Northernn Germany The Safety-Concept Stefan Schrader April 2005 XFEL X-Ray Free-Electron Laser XFEL X-Ray Free-Electron Laser 24 The safety concept If we compare traffic tunnels and stations with the XFEL, we have underground buildings a great number of people (up to several thousand) difficult and long escape routes At XFEL only the number of employees in possible hazardous areas is smaller and we only have instructed and trained people. The basic rules for traffic tunnels and stations can be adapted to shafts and tunnels. (Length of tunnels, evacuation speed, safety measures)

25. XFEL The European XRAY-Laser Project in Northernn Germany The Safety-Concept Stefan Schrader April 2005 XFEL X-Ray Free-Electron Laser XFEL X-Ray Free-Electron Laser 25 The safety concept General Safety Standards for XFEL: Shaft buildings (XSx): Underground building up (or better down) to 7 floors  Solid fire- and smoke-separation between tunnel and shaft  Smoke detecting system for each building with pushbuttons and evacuation alarm  Escape routes: safety stair case, ladders in media shafts and tunnels  Safety stair cases with overpressure ventilation  Safety elevator for use of fire brigade  Access control system with personal tag  Escape routes < 35 m to next safe area

26. XFEL The European XRAY-Laser Project in Northernn Germany The Safety-Concept Stefan Schrader April 2005 XFEL X-Ray Free-Electron Laser XFEL X-Ray Free-Electron Laser 26 The safety concept General Safety Standards for XFEL: Entry shaft XSE Injector tunnel XTIN Injector shaftXSIN

27. XFEL The European XRAY-Laser Project in Northernn Germany The Safety-Concept Stefan Schrader April 2005 XFEL X-Ray Free-Electron Laser XFEL X-Ray Free-Electron Laser 27 The safety concept General Safety Standards for XFEL: 1st Junction shaft XS1

28. XFEL The European XRAY-Laser Project in Northernn Germany The Safety-Concept Stefan Schrader April 2005 XFEL X-Ray Free-Electron Laser XFEL X-Ray Free-Electron Laser 28 tunnel at the junction shaft near Osdorfer Born Standort Osdorfer Born: Strahlverzweigung

29. XFEL The European XRAY-Laser Project in Northernn Germany The Safety-Concept Stefan Schrader April 2005 XFEL X-Ray Free-Electron Laser XFEL X-Ray Free-Electron Laser 29 The safety concept General Safety Standards for XFEL: LINAC Tunnel (XTL):

30. XFEL The European XRAY-Laser Project in Northernn Germany The Safety-Concept Stefan Schrader April 2005 XFEL X-Ray Free-Electron Laser XFEL X-Ray Free-Electron Laser 30 The safety concept General Safety Standards for XFEL: LINAC Tunnel (XTL):  Solid fire- and smoke-separation between tunnel and shaft  Fire- and smoke-separation inside tunnel each 600 - 700 m long escape routes!  2 escape routes: both directions of tunnel  Smoke detecting system with push buttons and evacuation alarm  Smoke extraction channel  Access control system with personal tag  Oxygen self rescuer for minimum 30 minutes

31. XFEL The European XRAY-Laser Project in Northernn Germany The Safety-Concept Stefan Schrader April 2005 XFEL X-Ray Free-Electron Laser XFEL X-Ray Free-Electron Laser 31 The safety concept General Safety Standards for XFEL: LINAC Tunnel (XTL):  Separation in the tunnel (600 – 700 m)  Separation wall with three water mist curtains to wash out possible smoke in case of a fire  No solid door inside the tunnel to ease transports and work

32. XFEL The European XRAY-Laser Project in Northernn Germany The Safety-Concept Stefan Schrader April 2005 XFEL X-Ray Free-Electron Laser XFEL X-Ray Free-Electron Laser 32 The safety concept General Safety Standards for XFEL: LINAC Tunnel (XTL):  following definition was made: Self rescue time (700 m => 1.5 m/s => max. 8 minutes to reach next safe area) Rescue by emergency service or fire brigade from 8 minutes on 1.5 m/s = walking speed (only instructed and little number of employees, compared with passengers in stations, no handicapped persons)

33. XFEL The European XRAY-Laser Project in Northernn Germany The Safety-Concept Stefan Schrader April 2005 XFEL X-Ray Free-Electron Laser XFEL X-Ray Free-Electron Laser 33 The safety concept General Safety Standards for XFEL: LINAC Tunnel (XTL): Where is the biggest fire risk for the first 8 min? ?? Cables ? Electronic racks ? Klystrons ? Oil-transformer ? Smoke extraction through extraction channel with flaps each 50 m

34. XFEL The European XRAY-Laser Project in Northernn Germany The Safety-Concept Stefan Schrader April 2005 XFEL X-Ray Free-Electron Laser XFEL X-Ray Free-Electron Laser 34 The safety concept General Safety Standards for XFEL: LINAC Tunnel (XTL): Fire protection of installations  Cables are not readily combustible (FRNC)  Electronic racks are provided with a gas extinguishing system  Oil-transformers are provided with a water mist extinguishing system

35. XFEL The European XRAY-Laser Project in Northernn Germany The Safety-Concept Stefan Schrader April 2005 XFEL X-Ray Free-Electron Laser XFEL X-Ray Free-Electron Laser 35 The safety concept General Safety Standards for XFEL: LINAC Tunnel (XTL):  A computer fire simulation was made at STUVA and showed that the decision with max. 700 m separation and 8 minutes self rescue time is acceptable.  After the end of the self rescue time the smoke reaches the separations and sinks down.

36. XFEL The European XRAY-Laser Project in Northernn Germany The Safety-Concept Stefan Schrader April 2005 XFEL X-Ray Free-Electron Laser XFEL X-Ray Free-Electron Laser 36 The safety concept General Safety Standards for XFEL: Photon Tunnel (XTDs):

37. XFEL The European XRAY-Laser Project in Northernn Germany The Safety-Concept Stefan Schrader April 2005 XFEL X-Ray Free-Electron Laser XFEL X-Ray Free-Electron Laser 37 The safety concept General Safety Standards for XFEL: Photon Tunnel (XTDs):  Solid fire- and smoke-separation between tunnels and shafts  No fire- and smoke-separation inside tunnel, max. 600 m long escape routes!  2 escape routes: both directions of tunnel  Smoke detecting system  with push buttons and evacuation alarm  Smoke extraction through whole tunnel diameter!  Oxigen self rescuer for minimum 30 minutes  Access control system with personal tag

38. XFEL The European XRAY-Laser Project in Northernn Germany The Safety-Concept Stefan Schrader April 2005 XFEL X-Ray Free-Electron Laser XFEL X-Ray Free-Electron Laser 38 The safety concept Solid fire- and smoke-separation between tunnel and hall Smoke detecting system in the hall with pushbuttons and evacuation alarm 7 escape routes: 2 safety stair cases, 5 into tunnels Safety stair cases with overpressure ventilation Safety elevator for the use of fire brigade Access control system with personal tag Escape routes < 35 m Smoke extraction General Safety Standards for XFEL: Experimental Hall (XHEXPx):

39. XFEL The European XRAY-Laser Project in Northernn Germany The Safety-Concept Stefan Schrader April 2005 XFEL X-Ray Free-Electron Laser XFEL X-Ray Free-Electron Laser 39 The safety concept General Safety Standards for XFEL: Experimental Hall (XHEXPx): Offices, labs, auditorium

40. XFEL The European XRAY-Laser Project in Northernn Germany The Safety-Concept Stefan Schrader April 2005 XFEL X-Ray Free-Electron Laser XFEL X-Ray Free-Electron Laser 40 The safety concept General Safety Standards for XFEL: Experimental Hall (XHEXPx): 12.5 m (~ 40 ft.) Photon tunnel

41. XFEL The European XRAY-Laser Project in Northernn Germany The Safety-Concept Stefan Schrader April 2005 XFEL X-Ray Free-Electron Laser XFEL X-Ray Free-Electron Laser 41 The safety concept General Safety Standards for XFEL: Experimental Hall (XHEXPx): 50 m x 90 m (~ 164 ft. x 295 ft.) Photon tunnels Experimental huts

42. XFEL The European XRAY-Laser Project in Northernn Germany The Safety-Concept Stefan Schrader April 2005 XFEL X-Ray Free-Electron Laser XFEL X-Ray Free-Electron Laser 42