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E-Government, E-Learning, and Other EC Applications
Chapter 9 E-Government, E-Learning, and Other EC Applications
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E-Learning at Cisco Systems
The Problem Cisco’s products are continuously being upgraded or replaced; so extensive training of employees and customers is needed Employees, business partners, and independent students seeking professional certification all require training on a continuous basis © Prentice Hall 2004
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E-Learning at Cisco Systems (cont.)
Traditional classroom training was both expensive and ineffective because of: The rapid growth in the number of students The fast pace of technological change © Prentice Hall 2004
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E-Learning at Cisco Systems (cont.)
The Solution Built two e-learning portals For 40 partner companies that sell Cisco products For 4,000 systems engineers who implement the products after the sale © Prentice Hall 2004
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E-Learning at Cisco Systems (cont.)
To encourage its own employees to use e-learning, Cisco: Makes e-learning a mandatory part of employees’ jobs. Offers easy access to e-learning tools via the Web. Makes e-learning nonthreatening Help employees pass and remove the fear associated with failed tests Offers additional incentives and rewards Adds e-learning as a strategic top-down metric for Cisco executives © Prentice Hall 2004
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E-Learning at Cisco Systems (cont.)
For its employees, partners, and customers, Cisco operates E-Learning Centers for Excellence that offer training © Prentice Hall 2004
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E-Learning at Cisco Systems (cont.)
The Results Reduced costs of developing and blending courses Saved productivity, travel and lodging costs Saved per capita trainee costs Are able to offer more courses at lower costs © Prentice Hall 2004
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E-Learning at Cisco Systems (cont.)
What we can learn… Application of e-learning as an efficient training tool E-learning is also becoming popular in all levels and types of schools and universities © Prentice Hall 2004
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E-Government E-government: The use of IT and e-commerce to provide access to government information and delivery of public services to citizens and business partners Offers an opportunity to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of the functions of government and to make governments more transparent to citizens and businesses by providing access to more of the information generated by government © Prentice Hall 2004
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E-Government (cont.) Government-to-citizens (G2C):
E-government category that includes all the interactions between a government and its citizens © Prentice Hall 2004
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E-Government (cont.) Major features of government Web sites:
phone and address information links to other sites publications databases © Prentice Hall 2004
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E-Government (cont.) Major areas of G2C activities:
tourism and recreation research and education downloadable forms discovery of government services information about public policy advice about health and safety issues Useful in solving constituents’ problems © Prentice Hall 2004
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E-Government (cont.) Netizen: A citizen surfing the Internet
Electronic Benefits Transfer (EBT) nationwide EBT system to deliver government benefits electronically deliver benefits to recipients’ bank accounts smart card system for those without bank accounts © Prentice Hall 2004
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E-Government (cont.) Government-to-business (G2B): E-government category that includes interactions between governments and businesses (government selling to businesses and providing them with services and businesses selling products and services to government) © Prentice Hall 2004
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E-Government (cont.) Group purchasing Forward e-auctions
eFAST service conducts reverse auctions for aggregated orders Forward e-auctions auction surplus or other goods Tax collection and management electronic filing of taxes is now available in over 100 countries © Prentice Hall 2004
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E-Government (cont.) Government-to-government (G2G): E-government category that includes activities within government units and those between governments Government-to-employees (G2E): E-government category that includes activities and services between government units and their employees © Prentice Hall 2004
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Implementing E-Government
Transformation process Stage 1: Information publishing/dissemination Stage 2: “Official” two-way transactions with one department at a time Stage 3: Multipurpose portals Stage 4: Portal personalization Stage 5: Clustering of common services Stage 6: Full integration and enterprise transformation © Prentice Hall 2004
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Implementing E-Government (cont.)
© Prentice Hall 2004
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Implementing E-Government (cont.)
Implementation issues Transformation speed G2B implementation Security and privacy issues Wireless applications © Prentice Hall 2004
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Implementing E-Government (cont.)
© Prentice Hall 2004
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Online Publishing, E-Books,and Blogging
Online publishing: The electronic delivery of newspapers, magazines, books, news, music, videos, and other digitizable information over the Internet e-zines: Electronic magazines © Prentice Hall 2004
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Online Publishing Online publishing approaches and methods
Online-archive approach New-medium approach Publishing-intermediation approach Dynamic approach © Prentice Hall 2004
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Online Publishing (cont.)
Content providers and distributors Those who provide and distribute content online The issue of intellectual property payments is critical to the success of content distribution In 2002, many online content providers were starting to charge for content, as advertising was insufficient to cover their expenses © Prentice Hall 2004
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Online Publishing (cont.)
Publishing of music, videos, games, and entertainment Webcasting: Live shows broadcast on the Web Webinars: Seminars on the Web (Web-based seminars) Edutainment: The combination of education and entertainment, often through games © Prentice Hall 2004
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E-Books E-book: A book in digital form that can be read on a computer screen or on a special device E-books can be delivered and read via: Web download Web access Dedicated reader General-purpose reader Web server © Prentice Hall 2004
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E-Books (cont.) Types of e-books Web server Online bookshelf
The download The Rubics-cube hyperlink book The interactive, build-your-own (BYO) decision book © Prentice Hall 2004
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E-Books (cont.) Advantages of e-books Portability
Lower production and distribution costs Lower updating and reproduction costs Ability to reach many readers Ease of combining several books (customization) Lower advertising costs © Prentice Hall 2004
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E-Books (cont.) Limitations of e-books
E-books require hardware and software that may be too expensive for some readers Some people have difficulty reading large amounts of material on a screen Batteries may run down There are multiple, competing standards Only a few books are available as e-books © Prentice Hall 2004
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E-Books (cont.) E-book issues
How to protect the publisher’s/author’s copyright How to distribute and sell e-books How much to charge and collect payment for an e-book How to best support navigation in an e-book Which standards to use How to increase reading speed How to deal with resistance to change How to design an e-book How publishers can justify e-books in terms of profit and market share How to secure content © Prentice Hall 2004
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E-Books (cont.) Print on demand Process
Customized printing jobs, usually in small quantities, and possibly only one document or book Process A publisher creates a digital master and sends it to a specialized print-on-demand company When an order is placed, a print-on-demand machine prints out the text of the document or book, then covers, binds, and trims it (300-page book in 1 minute) The books are packaged and shipped to the publisher or the consumer © Prentice Hall 2004
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Blogging Weblogging/blogging: Technology for personal publishing on the Internet Blog: A personal Web site that is open to the public © Prentice Hall 2004
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E-Learning E-learning: The online delivery of information for purposes of education, training, or knowledge management Web-enabled system that makes knowledge accessible to those who need it when they need it, anytime, anywhere © Prentice Hall 2004
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E-Learning (cont.) © Prentice Hall 2004
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E-Learning (cont.) Benefits of e-learning Time reduction
Large volume and diversity Cost reduction Higher content retention Flexibility Updated and consistent material Fear-free environment © Prentice Hall 2004
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E-Learning (cont.) Drawbacks and challenges of e-learning
Need for instructor retraining Equipment needs and support services Lack of face-to-face interaction and campus life Assessment Maintenance and updating Protection of intellectual property Computer literacy Student retention © Prentice Hall 2004
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E-Learning Failures E-learning failures due to:
Believing that e-learning is always a cheaper learning or training alternative Overestimating what e-learning can accomplish Overlooking the shortcomings of self-study Failing to look beyond the course paradigms © Prentice Hall 2004
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E-Learning (cont.) Viewing content as a commodity, which causes lack of attention to quality and delivery to individuals Ignoring technology tools for e-learning or, on the other hand, fixating too much on Technology as a solution Assuming that learned knowledge will be applied Believing that because e-learning has been implemented, employees and students will use it © Prentice Hall 2004
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E-Learning (cont.) Virtual and online universities
Distance learning: Formal education that takes place off campus, usually, but not always, through online resources Virtual university: An online university from which students take classes from home or other off-site locations usually via the Internet © Prentice Hall 2004
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E-Learning (cont.) Online corporate training
via the intranet and corporate portals or the Internet © Prentice Hall 2004
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E-Learning (cont.) Drivers of e-learning Technological change
Competition and cost pressures Globalization Continual learning Network connectivity © Prentice Hall 2004
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E-Learning (cont.) E-learning tools available from: WebCT Blackboard
Learning Space from Lotus Corporation Computerprep.com Macromedia.com Ecollege.com © Prentice Hall 2004
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E-Learning (cont.) Implementing e-learning centers
A learning center is a focal point for all corporate training and learning activities, including online ones Facilities may be run by a third party rather than connected to any particular corporation, and they are referred to as electronic education malls © Prentice Hall 2004
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Knowledge Management and E-Commerce
Knowledge management (KM): The process of capturing or creating knowledge, storing it, updating it constantly, interpreting it, and using it whenever necessary Organizational knowledge base: The repository for an enterprise’s accumulated knowledge © Prentice Hall 2004
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Knowledge Management (cont.)
KM types Human capital Structured capital (organizational capital) Customer capital © Prentice Hall 2004
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Knowledge Management (cont.)
KM activities Creating knowledge repositories where knowledge can be stored and retrieved easily Enhancing a knowledge environment in order to conduct more effective knowledge creation, transfer and use Managing knowledge as an asset so as to increase the effective use of knowledge assets over time Improving knowledge access to facilitate its transfer between individuals © Prentice Hall 2004
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Knowledge Management (cont.)
Knowledge sharing Knowledge has a limited value if it is not shared The ability to share knowledge decreases its cost and increases its effectiveness for greater competitive advantage © Prentice Hall 2004
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Knowledge Management (cont.)
Song (2002) proposed a framework for organizing and sharing knowledge gleaned from the Internet list strategic goals and objectives and the critical information needed for their attainment build analysis and storage mechanism as part of a business intelligence system © Prentice Hall 2004
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Knowledge Management and E-Commerce (cont.)
KM relationship to EC organizations need knowledge, which is provided by KM large amounts of data can be gathered easily, and through analysis organizations learn about their clients and generate useful knowledge for planning and decision making © Prentice Hall 2004
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Knowledge Management and E-Commerce (cont.)
Core knowledge management activities should include: Identification Creation Capture and codification Classification Distribution Utilization Evolution of the knowledge needed to develop products and partnerships © Prentice Hall 2004
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Knowledge Management and E-Commerce (cont.)
Knowledge portal: A single point of access software system intended to provide timely access to information and to support communities of knowledge workers © Prentice Hall 2004
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Knowledge Management and E-Commerce (cont.)
Online advice and consulting Medical advice Management consulting Legal advice Gurus Financial advice Other advisory services © Prentice Hall 2004
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Customer-to-Customer E-Commerce
Customer-to-customer (C2C): e-commerce in which both the buyer and the seller are individuals (not businesses); involves activities such as auctions and classified ads C2C © Prentice Hall 2004
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Customer-to-Customer E-Commerce (cont.)
C2C auctions general sites (eBay.com, auctionanything.com) specialized sites (buyit.com, bid2bid.com) Classified ads national, rather than a local, audience greatly increases the supply of goods and services available and the number of potential buyers © Prentice Hall 2004
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Customer-to-Customer E-Commerce (cont.)
Personal services lawyers handy helpers tax preparers investment clubs dating services © Prentice Hall 2004
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Customer-to-Customer E-Commerce (cont.)
C2C exchanges consumer-to-consumer bartering exchanges (targetbarter.com) consumer exchanges that help buyers and sellers find each other and negotiate deals (see business2.com) © Prentice Hall 2004
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Peer-to-Peer Networks and Applications
Peer-to-peer (P2P): A network architecture in which workstations (or PCs) share data and processing with each other directly rather than through a central server P2P © Prentice Hall 2004
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Peer-to-Peer Networks and Applications (cont.)
Characteristics of P2P systems provide for real-time access to other users (e.g., instant messaging) maximize the use of physical attributes such as processor cycles, storage space, bandwidth, and location on the network employ user interfaces that load outside of a Web browser address the need to reach content resources located on the Internet periphery support “cross-networking” protocols promote popular interest by doing something new or exciting © Prentice Hall 2004
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Peer-to-Peer Networks and Applications (cont.)
P2P networking connects people directly to other people Provides an easy system for sharing, publishing, and interacting that does not require knowledge of system administration © Prentice Hall 2004
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Peer-to-Peer Networks and Applications (cont.)
Models of P2P applications Collaboration Content distribution Business process automation Distributed search © Prentice Hall 2004
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Peer-to-Peer Networks and Applications (cont.)
© Prentice Hall 2004
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Peer-to-Peer Networks and Applications (cont.)
C2C P2P applications Napster—people could enter files that other people were willing to share U.S. federal court found Napster to be in violation of copyright laws because it enabled people to obtain music files without paying the creators of the music for access to their material © Prentice Hall 2004
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Peer-to-Peer Networks and Applications (cont.)
Gnutella (gnutella.com) a P2P program connects the peer computers Kazaa ICQ (the instant messenger-type chat room) where chatters share the same screen © Prentice Hall 2004
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Peer-to-Peer Networks and Applications (cont.)
Intrabusiness P2P applications companies are using P2P to facilitate internal collaboration B2B P2P applications enable companies to store documents in-house instead of on an unknown, and possibly unsecured, server © Prentice Hall 2004
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Peer-to-Peer Networks and Applications (cont.)
B2C P2P applications Marketing Advertising B2C payments © Prentice Hall 2004
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Other EC Applications Selling prescription drugs online
drugstore.com Postal services e-stamp.com Services for adults adultshop.com © Prentice Hall 2004
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Other EC Applications (cont.)
E-alliances For a large EC project, a company may join with a technology provider, a logistics provider, and a bank Wedding-related sites Wedding channels Gift registries © Prentice Hall 2004
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