1. R OBERT L. M ATHIS J OHN H. J ACKSON PowerPoint Presentation by Charlie Cook The University of West Alabama Copyright © 2005 Thomson Business & Professional Publishing. All rights reserved. Managing Equal Employment and Diversity Chapter 5 SECTION 2 Staffing the Organization

2. Copyright © 2005 Thomson Business & Professional Publishing. All rights reserved.5–25–2 Learning Objectives After you have read this chapter, you should be able to:  Evaluate several arguments supporting and opposing affirmative action.  Describe how women are affected by work/family and job assignment issues in organizations.  Explain the two types of sexual harassment and how employers should respond to sexual harassment complaints.  Identify two means that organizations are using to deal with the aging of their workforces.  Discuss how reasonable accommodation is made when managing individuals with disabilities and differing religious beliefs.  Define diversity management and discuss why it is important.

3. Copyright © 2005 Thomson Business & Professional Publishing. All rights reserved.5–35–3 Racial/Ethnic Composition of U.S. Population, 1990 and 2003 Figure 5–1 Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2003.

4. Copyright © 2005 Thomson Business & Professional Publishing. All rights reserved.5–45–4 Affirmative Action Affirmative Action Plan (AAP)  A requirement for federal government contractors with more than 50 employees and over $50,000 in government contracts annually to formally document the inclusion of women and racial minorities in the workforce.  Covered employers must submit plans describing their attempts to narrow the gaps between the composition of their workforces and the composition of labor markets where they obtain employees.  Focuses on hiring, training, and promoting protected-class members who are under-represented in an organization in relation to their availability in the labor markets from which recruiting occurs.

5. Copyright © 2005 Thomson Business & Professional Publishing. All rights reserved.5–55–5 AAP Measures Availability analysis  Identifies the number of protected-class members available to work in the appropriate labor markets for given jobs. Utilization analysis  Identifies the number of protected-class members employed in the organization and the types of jobs they hold.

6. Copyright © 2005 Thomson Business & Professional Publishing. All rights reserved.5–65–6 Requirements for Immigrants and Foreign-Born Workers Visas and Documentation Requirements  Visas are granted by U.S. consular officers  B1 for business visitors, B2 for pleasure visitors, H-1B for professional or specialized workers, and L-1 for intra- company transfers. Identity “Mismatch”  If an employee provides a false Social Security number, that person may be an illegal alien and not qualified to work in the U.S.  Mismatch could be an unreported name change, marital status change, stolen identity, or clerical error.

7. Copyright © 2005 Thomson Business & Professional Publishing. All rights reserved.5–75–7 Language Issues and EEO English-Only Requirements  EEOC guidelines allow employers to require workers to speak only English at certain times or in certain situations at work as a business necessity. Racial/Ethnic Harassment  Employers should adopt and enforce policies against harassment of any type, including ethnic jokes, vulgar epithets, racial slurs, and physical actions.

8. Copyright © 2005 Thomson Business & Professional Publishing. All rights reserved.5–85–8 U.S. Civilian Labor Force Composition by Sex, 1950–2010 (projected) Figure 5–3 Source: U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics, 2003.

9. Copyright © 2005 Thomson Business & Professional Publishing. All rights reserved.5–95–9 Sex/Gender Issues Pay Inequity  To guard against pay inequities considered illegal under the Equal Pay Act, employers should follow these guidelines:  Include benefits and other items that are part of remuneration to calculate pay for the most accurate overall picture.  Make sure people know how the pay practices work.  Base pay on the value of jobs and performance.  Benchmark against local and national markets so that pay structures are competitive.  Conduct frequent audits to ensure there are no gender-based inequities and that pay is fair internally.

10. Copyright © 2005 Thomson Business & Professional Publishing. All rights reserved.5–10 Sex/Gender Issues Nepotism  The practice of allowing relatives to work for the same employer. Job Assignments and “Nontraditional” Jobs  Women are increasingly entering jobs traditionally occupied only by men. The “Glass Ceiling”  Discriminatory practices that have prevented women and other protected-class members from advancing to executive-level jobs.

11. Copyright © 2005 Thomson Business & Professional Publishing. All rights reserved.5–11 Nontraditional Occupations for Women Figure 5–4 Source: U.S. Department of Labor, Women’s Bureau, 2003, available at www.dol.gov/dol/wb.

12. Copyright © 2005 Thomson Business & Professional Publishing. All rights reserved.5–12 Sex/Gender Issues (cont’d) “Glass Walls” and “Glass Elevator”  The tendency for women to advance only in a limited number of functional fields within an organization. Breaking the Glass  Establishing mentoring programs  Providing career rotation  Increasing top management and boardroom diversity  Establishing goals for diversity  Allowing for alternative work arrangements

13. Copyright © 2005 Thomson Business & Professional Publishing. All rights reserved.5–13 Sex/Gender Issues (cont’d) Individuals with Differing Sexual Orientations  Federal court cases and the EEOC have ruled that sex discrimination under Title VII applies to a person’s gender at birth.  Sexual orientation or sex-change issues that arise at work include:  Clarification of HR policies  Reactions of co-workers  Continuing acceptance

14. Copyright © 2005 Thomson Business & Professional Publishing. All rights reserved.5–14 Sexual Harassment and Workplace Relationships Consensual Relationships and Romance at Work  Workplace romances are risky because they can cause conflict or result in sexual harassment. Types of Sexual Harassment  Quid pro quo  Linking employment outcomes to the harassed individual’s granting of sexual favors.  Hostile environment  Allowing intimidating or offensive working conditions to unreasonably affect an individual’s performance or psychological well-being.

15. Copyright © 2005 Thomson Business & Professional Publishing. All rights reserved.5–15 Sexual Harassment and Workplace Relationships (cont’d) Legal Standards on Sexual Harassment  Tangible employment actions (e.g., termination) that result from sexual harassment create a liability for the employer.  Affirmative defense for employers in dealing with sexual harassment incidents includes:  Establishing a sexual harassment policy  Communicating the policy regularly  Training employees to avoid sexual harassment  Investigating and taking actions when complaints arise

16. Copyright © 2005 Thomson Business & Professional Publishing. All rights reserved.5–16 Sexual Harassment Liability Determination Figure 5–6 Source: Virginia Collins, PhD, SPHR, and Robert L. Mathis, PhD, SPHR, Omaha, Nebraska.

17. Copyright © 2005 Thomson Business & Professional Publishing. All rights reserved.5–17 Age Issues and EEO Job Opportunities for Older Workers  Discrimination against “overqualified” older employees in hiring  Instances of age discrimination in the workforce reduction when layoffs impact largely older workers  Older Workers Benefit Protection Act (OWBPA) of 1990 and equal treatment of older workers in retirement situations.  Attracting, retaining, and managing older workers  Phased retirement—an approach in which employees gradually reduce their workloads and pay.

18. Copyright © 2005 Thomson Business & Professional Publishing. All rights reserved.5–18 HR Managers’ Views of Older Workers Figure 5–7

19. Copyright © 2005 Thomson Business & Professional Publishing. All rights reserved.5–19 Religion and Spirituality in Workplaces Title VII of Civil Rights Act of 1964 prohibits discrimination of religion Managing Religious Diversity in Workplaces Accommodation of religious beliefs in work schedules Accommodation of religious expression in the workplace Respect for religious practices affecting dress and appearance

20. Copyright © 2005 Thomson Business & Professional Publishing. All rights reserved.5–20 Reasons for Diversity Efforts Reduction in Discrimination Complaints and Costs Organizational Performance Recruiting and Retention Diverse Thinking and Problem Solving Diversity Efforts

21. Copyright © 2005 Thomson Business & Professional Publishing. All rights reserved.5–21 Diversity Paradigms Diversity Paradigms Figure 5–8 1. Discrimination and Fairness Paradigm 2. Access and Legitimacy Paradigm 3. Learning and Effectiveness Paradigm Thomas and Ely

22. Copyright © 2005 Thomson Business & Professional Publishing. All rights reserved.5–22 Various Approaches to Diversity and Their Results Figure 5–9

23. Copyright © 2005 Thomson Business & Professional Publishing. All rights reserved.5–23 Common Diversity Management Components Figure 5–10

24. Copyright © 2005 Thomson Business & Professional Publishing. All rights reserved.5–24 Diversity Training Three Components of Diversity Training  Legal awareness training focuses on the legal implications of discrimination.  Cultural awareness training builds a greater understanding of widely varying cultural backgrounds.  Sensitivity training “sensitizes” people to differences and how words and behaviors are seen by others. Backlash Against Diversity Efforts  Protected-group individuals view diversity efforts as inadequate—“corporate public relations.  Nonprotected-group individuals feel like scapegoats.