1. Development of a Mica2 Mote Sensor Network Cliff Macklin Bill Ehrbar December 8, 2004 University of Colorado, Colorado Springs

2. Introduction  nesC  TinyOS  Hardware  Applications  Architecture Building Blocks  Blink Application Architecture  Overview University of Colorado, Colorado Springs

3. nesC  Event Driven Language  Separation of construction and composition  Specification of component behavior in terms of set of interfaces which are bidirectional  Components are statically linked to each other via their interfaces University of Colorado, Colorado Springs

4. TinyOS  Designed for sensor networks that have very limited resources  Allows for concurrency management  TinyOS executes only one program consisting of selected system components and custom components needed for a single application University of Colorado, Colorado Springs

5. Hardware  Our research used the following components  MIB510 Programming Bd.  MPR400CB Sensor Bd.  MTS300 Sensor University of Colorado, Colorado Springs

6. Hardware Continued  422 Mhz processor  512 KB of memory  Sensor contained Buzzer, Light, Microphone, Magnetometer, and Thermistor University of Colorado, Colorado Springs

7. Applications for a Sensor Network  Means of providing critical information in disaster environments  Light, temperature, and soil conditions within a green house  Frost detection and warning  Indoor comfort monitoring, including HVAC tune-up  Security applications University of Colorado, Colorado Springs

8. Application SW Architecture  Modular Approach  Somewhat Object Oriented Object abstraction Layered “inheritance” approach  Similar to an HDL in structure (VHDL, Verilog, etc.) Wired interfaces Bi-directional interfaces University of Colorado, Colorado Springs

9. Application Building Blocks  Interface Description (Module & Configuration files) Sample configuration file: configuration Blink {} implementation { components Main, BlinkM, SingleTimer, LedsC; Main.StdControl -> SingleTimer.StdControl; Main.StdControl -> BlinkM.StdControl; BlinkM.Timer -> SingleTimer.Timer; BlinkM.Leds -> LedsC; }  Implementation (Module files) University of Colorado, Colorado Springs

10. Application Building Blocks Sample module file: module BlinkM { provides { interface StdControl; } uses { interface Timer; interface Leds; } implementation { /**ACTUAL INSTRUCTIONS HERE **/ } University of Colorado, Colorado Springs

11. Application Building Blocks Sample module file implementation excerpt: /** Initialize the component. **/ command result_t StdControl.init() { call Leds.init(); return SUCCESS; } /** Start things up. This just sets the rate for the clock component. **/ command result_t StdControl.start() { // Start a repeating timer that fires every 1000ms return call Timer.start(TIMER_REPEAT, 1000); } … /** Toggle the red LED in response to the Timer.fired event. **/ event result_t Timer.fired() { call Leds.redToggle(); return SUCCESS; } University of Colorado, Colorado Springs

12. Blink Application Architecture University of Colorado, Colorado Springs

13. Wireless Applications Overview  Active Messaging Model Simple message structure Assigned handler by message ID Handled completely by handler  Zero Copy Stack for memory and speed efficiency  Range limitations can be overcome with multi-hop configuration University of Colorado, Colorado Springs

14. Sensor Network Limitations  Power Management  Memory Limitations  Mote Failure and Run-Time Errors  Security University of Colorado, Colorado Springs

15. References  D. Gay, P. Levis, D. Culler, E. Brewer. nesC 1.1 Language Referrence Manual, May 2005. http://www.tinyos.net/tingos-1.x/doc/nesc/ref.pdf. 20 Nov. 04.  TinyOS Tutorial, September 2003. http://www.tinyos.net/tinyos- 1.x/doc/tutorial. 15 Nov. 04.  D. Gay, P. Levis, D. Culler, E. Brewer, R. von Behren, M. Welsh. The nesC Language: A Holistic Approach to Networked Embedded Systems, June 2003. http://nescc.sourceforge.net/papers/nesc-pldi-2003.pdf. 27 Nov. 04.  C. Chow and G. Godavari. First Response Sensor Network (FRNS) Final Report for NISSC Fall 2003 Project.  P. Buonadonna, J. Hill, D. Culler. Active Message Communication for Tiny Networked Sensors.  MPR – Mote Processor Readio Board – MIB – Mote Interface/Programming Board User’s Manual. 2004. http://www.xbow.com. 15 Nov. 04.  Wireless Systems for Environmental Monitoring. http://www.xbow.com. 1 Dec. 04.  Product Info Guide. http://www.xbow.com. 1 Dec. 04.  Edward Chow. “Class Lecture”, 22 Nov. 04. University of Colorado, Colorado Springs