1. Programming Techniques and Skills for Advisory Leaders Ralph Prince and Roger Rennekamp, Ph.D. University of Kentucky Cooperative Extension Service

2. Common Elements Developing Linkages with the Public Planning—assessing, prioritizing, and designing Implementation of plans Evaluation—measuring program results Developing Linkages with the Public Planning—assessing, prioritizing, and designing Implementation of plans Evaluation—measuring program results

3. Developing Linkages with the Public Formal *advisory councils, boards, *committees, commodity groups *task forces Informal *day to day visits *intentional visits Formal *advisory councils, boards, *committees, commodity groups *task forces Informal *day to day visits *intentional visits

4. Planning Situation Analysis Identifying Program Opportunities Priority Setting Program Design Situation Analysis Identifying Program Opportunities Priority Setting Program Design

5. Situation Analysis Existing Data *Internet sites, other organizations Resident Perspectives *community forums, focus groups, key informant interviews, surveys, media scans Current Research & Knowledge * “bottom up”—clients, communities * “top down”—specialists, base programs, issues Existing Data *Internet sites, other organizations Resident Perspectives *community forums, focus groups, key informant interviews, surveys, media scans Current Research & Knowledge * “bottom up”—clients, communities * “top down”—specialists, base programs, issues Planning

6. Questions to Ask to Gain Residents’ Perspectives What are the positive and negative characteristics of the community? What are the most pressing issues and problems confronting residents? What strengths and resources reside within the community for addressing these issues and problems? What barriers prevent residents from addressing these issues and problems? How can Extension help address the issues and problems through educational programming? Planning

7. Situation Analysis cont. Existing Data *Internet sites, other organizations Resident Perspectives *community forums, focus groups, key informant interviews, surveys, media scans Current Research & Knowledge * “bottom up”—clients, communities * “top down”—specialists, base programs, issues Existing Data *Internet sites, other organizations Resident Perspectives *community forums, focus groups, key informant interviews, surveys, media scans Current Research & Knowledge * “bottom up”—clients, communities * “top down”—specialists, base programs, issues Planning

8. Some Questions to Ask about the Situation: Why is this issue a problem? How severe is the problem? What are the costs associated with the problem? Do we have the resources to fix the problem? Who else is (has been) working on the problem? Our mission? What are implications for not addressing the problem? What are the benefits for solving the problem? Who are the primary and secondary audiences to address? What is the total number in the target audience? What is the total number that could be reached? Why is this issue a problem? How severe is the problem? What are the costs associated with the problem? Do we have the resources to fix the problem? Who else is (has been) working on the problem? Our mission? What are implications for not addressing the problem? What are the benefits for solving the problem? Who are the primary and secondary audiences to address? What is the total number in the target audience? What is the total number that could be reached? Planning

9. Identifying Program Opportunities Baseline Data → Needs Identification → Intended Outcomes Planning

10. Priority Setting Present data Move to a list of program opportunities Setting priorities techniques *simple voting *multi-voting *100 votes *nominal group technique Present data Move to a list of program opportunities Setting priorities techniques *simple voting *multi-voting *100 votes *nominal group technique Planning

11. Possible Priority Setting Criteria Questions The relative importance of the issue. The number of people affected. Political environment. History, i.e., Has this been addressed in the past? Are there implications from other programs? Ability of Extension to respond. Interests of County Extension Council members. Culture of the county and communities. Efforts of other organizations and agencies. Planning

12. Program Design Program plan Design teams Program Logic models inputs → outputs → outcomes Questions to ask Putting it all together Program plan Design teams Program Logic models inputs → outputs → outcomes Questions to ask Putting it all together Planning

13. Program Design Questions What changes in social, economic, or environmental conditions will the program produce? That is, what are the long-term outcomes of our program? If such changes in conditions are to be realized, what must people do differently in terms of practices or behaviors? If people are to change their behaviors or practices, what must they know? What skills must they possess? How must their attitudes or opinions change? What must they aspire to? Planning

14. Program Design Questions Cont Who is the audience that the program is intending to reach? What are the characteristics of the intended audience? (There may be more than one target audience.) What activities or learning experiences will be most effective in producing the outcomes desired for each target audience? What resources are required to implement the learning experiences planned?

15. Program Implementation Four Elements Resource Management Program Management –humans, tasks, fiscal matters, risks Marketing—mail, media, community postings Collaboration Four Elements Resource Management Program Management –humans, tasks, fiscal matters, risks Marketing—mail, media, community postings Collaboration

16. Program Evaluation Establishing criteria, collecting evidence, making judgments and communicating findings Evaluation—value or worth of the program Interpretation—what does it mean Communication—who needs to know Establishing criteria, collecting evidence, making judgments and communicating findings Evaluation—value or worth of the program Interpretation—what does it mean Communication—who needs to know

17. Process Evaluation (how was the implementation) vs. Outcome Evaluation (what were the results) Program Evaluation

18. The Evaluation Plan Begins in program design Evaluation questions Indicators Methods Timeline Begins in program design Evaluation questions Indicators Methods Timeline Program Evaluation

19. Evaluation Methods Tests Questionnaires Surveys Observations Record reviews, activity logs Physical evidence Focus groups Case studies Tests Questionnaires Surveys Observations Record reviews, activity logs Physical evidence Focus groups Case studies Program Evaluation

20. Questions to Ask about Your Evaluation Plan What do we want to know about the process? What do we want to know about the results? What were/are our intended outcomes? What will we measure? How will we measure it? Who needs to know the findings? What do we want to know about the process? What do we want to know about the results? What were/are our intended outcomes? What will we measure? How will we measure it? Who needs to know the findings? Program Evaluation

21. The Evaluation Plan, cont. Begins in program design Evaluation Questions Indicators Methods Timeline Begins in program design Evaluation Questions Indicators Methods Timeline Program Evaluation

22. Communicating Evaluation Results Interpretation Marketing Interpretation Marketing Program Evaluation

23. IN CONCLUSION Common Elements Developing Linkages with the Public Planning Implementation Evaluation