1. Introduction Topic 2: Going Big Big Bang, Black Holes, No Math 1 Big Bang, Black Holes, No Math ASTR/PHYS 109 Dr. David Toback Lecture 2,3 & 4

2. Introduction Topic 2: Going Big Big Bang, Black Holes, No Math 2 Two part, In-Class 5 Minute Quiz 1.Take out a sheet of paper and label it with  Your name, Email address and UIN Answer the following questions: 1.What do you most want to learn about in this class? 2.Are you taking ASTR/PHYS 119? Why or why not? 3.What was the prep work for today? 4.Are you using 109 for your Tier-2 Science distribution credit? There are no right answers for the first two questions, so please be BRUTALLY honest 2.Take out your clicker and Choose “E”

3. Introduction Topic 2: Going Big Big Bang, Black Holes, No Math 3 Prep For Today (is now due) – L2, Part 1 Reading: –Required: BBBHNM: Chapter 1-4 –Recommended Reading: BHOT: Chap. 1-3 SHU: Chap. 1-2 TOE: Chap. 1 Pre-Lecture Reading Questions (PLRQ) –Read Instructions –4 written questions following the instructions. Will talk today about how to turn them in

4. Introduction Topic 2: Going Big Big Bang, Black Holes, No Math 4 Prep For Today (is now due) – L2, Part 2 eCampus Quizzes –Read eCampus Instructions –Warm-up quizzes and AMS Other Prep: –Make sure you are receiving email using the Official A&M email (neo), will use it for class announcements –Did you bring lined paper and your iClicker to class?

5. Introduction Topic 2: Going Big Big Bang, Black Holes, No Math 5 Prep For Today (is now due) – L3 Reading: –Required: BBBHNM: Chapter 1-4 –Recommended Reading: BHOT: Chap. 1-3 SHU: Chap. 1-2 TOE: Chap. 1 Pre-Lecture Reading Questions (PLRQ) –eCampus Quizzes 0-3 –Submit Unit 1, Stage 1 into CPR End of chapter quizzes –None

6. Introduction Topic 2: Going Big Big Bang, Black Holes, No Math 6 Prep For Today (is now due) – L4 Reading: –Required: BBBHNM: Chapter 1-4 –Recommended Reading: BHOT: Chap. 1-3 SHU: Chap. 1-2 TOE: Chap. 1 Pre-Lecture Reading Questions (PLRQ) –eCampus PRLQ Quizzes 0-3 (were due Monday) –Unit 1, Stage 2 in CPR End of chapter quizzes –None

7. Introduction Topic 2: Going Big Big Bang, Black Holes, No Math Frequently Asked Question Page Can be found on the main course page http://faculty.physics.tamu.edu/toback/109/ 109FAQ.shtmlhttp://faculty.physics.tamu.edu/toback/109/ 109FAQ.shtml In general, you should check there if you have a question about the course or assignments before emailing –Don’t want to highlight to your professor you haven’t looked there first when you email 7

8. Introduction Topic 2: Going Big Big Bang, Black Holes, No Math Start with Reminders from last time 8

9. Introduction Topic 2: Going Big Big Bang, Black Holes, No Math Regular and Honors Sections Regular sections –ASTR 109-501 –PHYS 109-501 Honors sections –ASTR 109-200 –PHYS 109-200 There is no difference between the Physics and Astronomy sections (All meet together) Students in the honors section will have an extra research paper – See Course WebPage

10. Introduction Topic 2: Going Big Big Bang, Black Holes, No Math Lab – ASTR/PHYS 119 You are not required to take the Lab for this course Useful if you want to use this course as a Tier 2 science course, or just want to learn more/get more in-depth Two different sections, pick one –Tuesday: 12:45PM-2:45PM –Wednesday: 12:40PM-2:40PM Will meet this week You need to read the lab Manual and do the prep work BEFORE lab 10

11. Introduction Topic 2: Going Big Big Bang, Black Holes, No Math In-Class Quizzes There will frequently be in-class quizzes Most will be done with an iClicker –Can buy the old ones –Register with your UIN at http://www.iclicker.com/support/regi steryourclicker/ (we will be using eCampus) http://www.iclicker.com/support/regi steryourclicker/ We will some times do written answers –Bring a sheet of lined paper and a pen everyday 11

12. Introduction Topic 2: Going Big Big Bang, Black Holes, No Math End-of-Chapter Quizzes in eCampus There are End-of-Chapter quizzes for each chapter –Helps ensure you have a good knowledge of some of the important FACTS for each chapter –Will be done online, using eCampus –Are assigned AFTER we finish the chapter in lecture, and due before the next lecture 12

13. Introduction Topic 2: Going Big Big Bang, Black Holes, No Math End-of-Chapter Quizzes Cont. Bad news: To pass the course you need to get a perfect score on all of them Good news: You can take as many attempts as you want until you get a perfect score I will only count your best score I REALLY want you to learn and get good grades! 13

14. Introduction Topic 2: Going Big Big Bang, Black Holes, No Math More on eCampus Quizzes There are two free warm-up quizzes before the End-of- Chapter quizzes –Need a 100% on this There will be a course pre-test called AMS (Astronomy Misconception Survey) AFTER you finish the warm up –Please do your best. Won’t count as part of your grade. We just want to know what you know coming into the course After this is done you will be able to get to the End-of- Chapter Quizzes –First one is Chapter 2 (no chapter 1 quiz) –There is also be a quiz for Pre-Lecture Reading Questions (more on this later) 14

15. Introduction Topic 2: Going Big Big Bang, Black Holes, No Math Requirements to Pass the Course Some things need to be turned in to pass the course –All the stages for each paper –All the End-Of-Chapter quizzes Some things MUST get a passing grade to pass the course –All End-Of-Chapter quizzes and Pre-Lecture Reading Questions for Unit 1 Some things in the course are pass/fail the first time, but are for a grade after that –Unit 1 PLRQ Note: you are allowed (but not encouraged) to get a zero on the later PLRQ assignments 15

16. Introduction Topic 2: Going Big Big Bang, Black Holes, No Math Just for Fun… We have created a “just for fun” Facebook account for students (past, present and future) who want to stay in touch with the course Learning about the Big Bang and Black Holes Without the Math It’s not part of the course, but I try to post fun, related things there periodically –If you send me something fun (and appropriate) I’ll post it for everyone –If you send me something fun, but inappropriate, I’ll say thank you and just enjoy privately Also, lots of fun stuff on http://people.physics.tamu.edu/toback/109/Video/ http://people.physics.tamu.edu/toback/109/Video/ 16

17. Introduction Topic 2: Going Big Big Bang, Black Holes, No Math First real assignment: PRLQ for Unit 1 17

18. Introduction Topic 2: Going Big Big Bang, Black Holes, No Math Pre-Lecture Reading Questions To help focus your reading before class you will be asked to write down 4 questions you have about the reading in a special format –Call these the Pre-Lecture Reading Questions (PLRQ) Will be turned in online using the Calibrated Peer Review (CPR) system –Will be doing a full Unit at a time –Each assignment has 2 stages (more on this later) There is a set of guidelines on what we are looking for on the websites. You need to read them –You will be responsible for reading it before next class –First set is Pass/Revise, you have to keep redoing them until you get a passing score 18

19. Introduction Topic 2: Going Big Big Bang, Black Holes, No Math A different way of doing Things Will be using the Calibrated Peer Review (CPR) system Two parts (Call them Stage 1 and Stage 2) 1.You do your own writing and submit 2.You review and grade other papers (and your own) Why? –Learn how to evaluate excellence and give feedback (grade) papers to make them better –Learn to better evaluate your own work to make it excellent BEFORE you turn it in 19

20. Introduction Topic 2: Going Big Big Bang, Black Holes, No Math The “I hate CPR Club” 20 Most students HATE CPR until they get good at it Many reasons: –Takes practice to get good at the system –Learning how to both be a good writer and be a good editor is really difficult (and incredibly important) skill. Anything worth learning to do is hard –We require you to actually read and follow the instructions My advice: Don’t fight the system, blame it for being “unfair”, or wish it were “better.” Just do what it takes to get good at it Don’t hesitate to ask for help If you are grumbling and neither I nor the TA have heard from you to talk to you about it, then you get what you deserve –Don’t pretend this is a way to get free grading by the instructor… You’ll be wrong and it will just piss you off More on the system and how to do well on the FAQ pages

21. Introduction Topic 2: Going Big Big Bang, Black Holes, No Math Stage I and Stage II in CPR Stage I: (Typically due before the first class of the Unit) Write 4 questions and turn them into CPR (online) Make sure to use HTML formatting (do a Preview to check) Stage II: (Typically due before the following lecture) Three-Parts 1.Calibrations (learning to use the Rubrics) Read an example paper use the grading rubric to assign a score. Grade the three example papers (get a free try to pass the grading rubric) 2.Reviews (Grade three other submitted papers) Ignore that it says you have only 5 minutes for this. I have set it so you can start the reviews right after you finish your calibrations 3.Self-Assessment (Grade your own submitted paper) More info about each stage in the instructions/FAQ Note: You get a separate score for each of the 4 parts (text, calibrations, Reviews and Self-Assessment) 21

22. Introduction Topic 2: Going Big Big Bang, Black Holes, No Math Help Available for Stage I Submit a draft for feedback from the TA –Submit on eCampus in “Rough Drafts (Optional)” –Drafts due Friday at midnight –Can submit later, but we can’t guarantee we can get you feedback before its due. We also recommend going to the Writing Center –This is especially true for when we get to the papers Most common problems: –Not reading the instructions –Not using HTML formatting (do a Preview before submitting) 22

23. Introduction Topic 2: Going Big Big Bang, Black Holes, No Math Help Available for Stage II Stage II help: –Each calibration is graded 0 or 100%. –You only get 2 tries for each of the 3 calibrations –Many students have trouble with the calibrations because they do them RIGHT before they are due, and do them too quickly (and then fail them) Our advice: Do them early and ask for help if you fail one the first time 23

24. Introduction Topic 2: Going Big Big Bang, Black Holes, No Math Unit 1 and Later Units Unit 1 assignment is different than the others –It is Pass/Revise –You must pass ALL four parts separately, just a 70% overall score is NOT good enough. You will need: >70% on the overall score >35/50 on the text portion of your paper >14/20 on the calibration portion >14/20 on the reviews >7/10 on the self-assessment Have done the proper HTML formatting in your submission –If you don’t pass the first time, you will have to do a Revision Assignment (all the parts) until you pass Later units are just your combined score for all parts –You can do a revision if you want to get a better grade –We will average the two scores 24

25. Introduction Topic 2: Going Big Big Bang, Black Holes, No Math PLRQ Quizzes in eCampus 25 Getting good at CPR takes practice We have created a set of quizzes in eCampus quizzes to help you with PLRQ and other CPR assignments –Called PLRQ CPR Unit 1 –Tests 0-3 Need to take and pass all of these like End-of- Chapter quizzes My advice: –Read the CPR instructions online –Do the quizzes in eCampus before starting anything in CPR!

26. Introduction Topic 2: Going Big Big Bang, Black Holes, No Math Order of Things to Do! 26 Read Chapters 1-4 (Unit 1) Write Questions for Unit 1 (PLRQ) Submit PLRQ to CPR (Stage 1) Go to Lecture and take in- class quizzes and ask questions After we finish a chapter in Lecture, do the End-of-Chapter Quiz Do Stage 2 of CPR for PLRQ

27. Introduction Topic 2: Going Big Big Bang, Black Holes, No Math Plan for Each Chapter Example for Chapter 2: Before Lecture: –Read Chapters 1-4 in BBBHNM (Unit 1) –Submit 4 questions PLRQ in CPR for Unit 1 During Lecture –Listen & Ask Questions –Take clicker and other quizzes After Lecture –Finish CPR for PLRQ for Unit 1 before the next class –If we finish Chapter 2, then take End-of- Chapter quiz 2 in eCampus 27

28. Introduction Topic 2: Going Big Big Bang, Black Holes, No Math 28 Going Big – Chapter 2 You have to get started somewhere Start by looking at the various things in the universe –Go from sizes we know to the VERY big After that we’ll do the very small –Chapter 3

29. Introduction Topic 2: Going Big Big Bang, Black Holes, No Math 29 The Very Big: Why Start Here? If we want to understand the universe and where it comes from (and what’s going to happen to it) we need to know: 1.What’s in it 2.What it’s made of Said differently, "What are we trying to explain?” –If we were detectives trying to explain what happened, we’d need to gather evidence: What’s the evidence we can gather by looking at the scene of the crime?

30. Introduction Topic 2: Going Big Big Bang, Black Holes, No Math 30 Starting out… 10 centimeters, or 0.1 meters, or 10 -1 meters. About 3 inches Just starting out… A size we know: The nose in front of your face (well… someone’s face)

31. Introduction Topic 2: Going Big Big Bang, Black Holes, No Math 31 Look from father away... Moving out, but still staying at sizes we know and love 1 meter (or about 3 feet)

32. Introduction Topic 2: Going Big Big Bang, Black Holes, No Math 32 Bigger still… The Statue of Liberty in New York 10 meters (or about 30 feet)

33. Introduction Topic 2: Going Big Big Bang, Black Holes, No Math 33 Keep going… 100 meters or about a football field, or 10 2 meters

34. Introduction Topic 2: Going Big Big Bang, Black Holes, No Math 34 Starting to get out there… 1 kilometer or 10 3 meters Manhattan and the Hudson river

35. Introduction Topic 2: Going Big Big Bang, Black Holes, No Math 35 Even bigger… use an airplane Can see the grid structure of Manhattan Important to the story?  Yes! Can tell us a LOT about how New York City was constructed! 10 kilometers or 10 4 meters

36. Introduction Topic 2: Going Big Big Bang, Black Holes, No Math Go to Drawings 36 Manhattan Statue of Liberty Atlantic ocean 100 kilometers or 10 5 meters

37. Introduction Topic 2: Going Big Big Bang, Black Holes, No Math 37 Yet bigger… The eastern coast of the U.S. If we looked at photos we would see no evidence of human life except for lights at night 1000 km or 10 6 meters (1 Megameter)

38. Introduction Topic 2: Going Big Big Bang, Black Holes, No Math 38 The Earth from Space Now we can see most of the Earth, but we can’t see the streets 10 7 meters!

39. Introduction Topic 2: Going Big Big Bang, Black Holes, No Math 39 More Earth The Earth is a sphere in space 10 8 meters!

40. Introduction Topic 2: Going Big Big Bang, Black Holes, No Math 40 More Drawings 10 9 meters, a billion meters (a gigameter), a million miles The Earth Orbit of the Moon (27.3 days)

41. Introduction Topic 2: Going Big Big Bang, Black Holes, No Math 41 The Earth orbiting the Sun The Earth on its trajectory around the sun The Moon going around the Earth 10 10 meters!

42. Introduction Topic 2: Going Big Big Bang, Black Holes, No Math 42 Earth around the Sun Orbit of the Earth –Yellow circle is the Moon’s orbit Orbit of Venus 10 11 meters!

43. Introduction Topic 2: Going Big Big Bang, Black Holes, No Math 43 The Inner Planets Mars, Earth, Venus and Mercury orbiting the Sun All the planets move in the same direction (counterclockwise in this picture) A clue? 10 12 meters! ~A billion miles!

44. Introduction Topic 2: Going Big Big Bang, Black Holes, No Math 44 The Outer Planets Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune Again all move in the same direction! Look from the side: All move in the same plane! Another clue? 10 13 meters!

45. Introduction Topic 2: Going Big Big Bang, Black Holes, No Math 45 The Whole Solar System Mostly empty space, but some stuff Typically only 1 hydrogen atom per cubic centimeter (size of a standard die) There is other stuff we’ll talk about like cosmic background radiation and dark matter 10 14 meters!

46. Introduction Topic 2: Going Big Big Bang, Black Holes, No Math 46 Mostly Empty Space More interstellar space The small circle is the orbit of Pluto 10 15 meters! ~trillion miles

47. Introduction Topic 2: Going Big Big Bang, Black Holes, No Math 47 More Empty Space On this scale the solar system is a tiny dot 10 16 meters!

48. Introduction Topic 2: Going Big Big Bang, Black Holes, No Math 48 The Nearest Stars Alpha Centauri A, Alpha Centauri B and Proxima Centauri Proxima Centauri is the closest at 4.0 x 10 16 meters from the sun Same as 4.2 light- years away –(it takes light 4.2 years to get there) –1 light-year is about a trillion miles 10 17 meters!

49. Introduction Topic 2: Going Big Big Bang, Black Holes, No Math 49 The Brightest Stars in Our Sky Only the brightest stars are shown Almost 2000 in reality 10 18 meters!

50. Introduction Topic 2: Going Big Big Bang, Black Holes, No Math 50 Next Round… Again, only the brightest ~2 million total in this space 10 19 meters!

51. Introduction Topic 2: Going Big Big Bang, Black Holes, No Math 51 The Milky Way So many stars that they appear to be “clouds” of stars Much of the space between stars contains “Dark Matter” we can’t see directly –About 5 times more mass in Dark Matter than the stars 10 20 meters!

52. Introduction Topic 2: Going Big Big Bang, Black Holes, No Math 52 Our Galaxy Central Bulge Spiral arms The sun is in one of the spiral arms, ~1/3 of the way inward from edge of the disk towards the center 10 21 meters!

53. Introduction Topic 2: Going Big Big Bang, Black Holes, No Math 53 Two Different Views of our Galaxy Looking down at the center Looking at it from the side Very flat… like our Solar system. Outer stars rotating the same direction… like our solar system Could the galaxy and the solar system have something in common? Created in similar ways? 50 times wider than tall!

54. Introduction Topic 2: Going Big Big Bang, Black Holes, No Math Looking at the “Mass” in the Galaxy In the previous picture, we showed the location of the stars There is a LOT more mass in the dark matter than in the stars –More on dark matter in Chapter 6 54

55. Introduction Topic 2: Going Big Big Bang, Black Holes, No Math 55 Our Neighbor Galaxies There are dwarf galaxies just outside our own Didn’t even know there were other galaxies until the 1920’s 10 22 meters!

56. Introduction Topic 2: Going Big Big Bang, Black Holes, No Math 56 The Full Size Neighbors Many galaxies nearby Galaxies are often found in “clusters” –Can be just a few, up to thousands 10 23 meters!

57. Introduction Topic 2: Going Big Big Bang, Black Holes, No Math 57 The Local Group Our galaxy (the Milky Way) is part of a cluster of galaxies called the “Local Group” These distant galaxies are moving away from us VERY quickly –Big Bang 10 24 meters!

58. Introduction Topic 2: Going Big Big Bang, Black Holes, No Math 58 Our “Observable” Universe 10 11 galaxies (about the same number of stars in our galaxy) We’re on the fringe of a very large cluster of galaxies called the “Local Supercluster” Don’t know the true shape and size of the universe so we can’t go any further 10 25 meters or 10 22 miles across

59. Introduction Topic 2: Going Big Big Bang, Black Holes, No Math 59 Summary http://bigbang.physics.tamu.edu/Figures/StolenAnimations/GoingBig.wmv

60. Introduction Topic 2: Going Big Big Bang, Black Holes, No Math 60 Prep For Next Time – L2, Part 1 Reading: (If you haven’t already) –Required: BBBHNM Unit 1 (Chapter 1-4) –Recommended Reading: BHOT: Chap. 1-3 SHU: Chap. 1-2 TOE: Chap. 1 Pre-Lecture Reading Questions –Read instructions handout/FAQ document –Do PLRQ Tests 0-3 (practice) in eCampus –Put your 4 questions into CPR (Stage 1) Remember to use HTML formatting Due Monday BEFORE class Stage 2 will be due before class on Wednesday

61. Introduction Topic 2: Going Big Big Bang, Black Holes, No Math 61 Prep For Next Time – L2, Part 2 eCampus Stuff (If you haven’t already) –Read Instructions on the main course page –Complete Warm-up quiz and AMS –Do PLRQ Tests 0-3 (practice) –If we finished Chapter 2 then end-of-chapter quiz 2 (else just above) Other Prep: –Make sure you are receiving email using the Official A&M email (neo), will use it for class announcements –Bring lined paper and your iClicker to the next class

62. Introduction Topic 2: Going Big Big Bang, Black Holes, No Math 62 Prep For Next Time – L3 Reading: (If you haven’t already) –Required: BBBHNM Unit 1 (Chapter 1-4) –Recommended Reading: BHOT: Chap. 1-3 SHU: Chap. 1-2 TOE: Chap. 1 Pre-Lecture Reading Questions –Do PLRQ Tests 0-3 (practice) in eCampus –Unit 1, Stage 2 due before class on Wednesday End-of-Chapter Quizzes –If we finished Chapter 2 then end-of-chapter quiz 2 (else just above)

63. Introduction Topic 2: Going Big Big Bang, Black Holes, No Math 63 Full Set of Readings So Far Required: BBBHNM: Chap 1-4 Recommended: –BHOT: Chap. 1-3 –SHU: Chap. 1-2 –TOE: Chap. 1

64. Introduction Topic 2: Going Big Big Bang, Black Holes, No Math 64

65. Introduction Topic 2: Going Big Big Bang, Black Holes, No Math iClicker Quiz Question Q: The four inner planets all move in the same direction. Based on this, what would you predict for the direction of the outer planets? a)Half one, way half the other (it should be random) b)3 one way, 1 the other way (it should be random, but there is no reason it should be half and half) c)Should all be moving in the same direction as the inner four d)Should all be moving in the opposite direction as the inner four to balance things out 65

66. Introduction Topic 2: Going Big Big Bang, Black Holes, No Math iClicker Question Q: What would be good evidence for or against the claim that 'the Earth will be sucked into the Sun someday soon'? a)Haven't been sucked in yet. b)The gravitational force from the Sun is decreasing since the Sun is losing mass. c)The Earth is moving quickly enough away from the Sun which balances out the gravitational attraction. d)The Earth is slowing down, since all things that move, slow down over time 66

67. Introduction Topic 2: Going Big Big Bang, Black Holes, No Math iClicker Question Q: True or False: The supermassive black hole at the center of the galaxy will suck in the rest of the galaxy a)True b)False 67

68. Introduction Topic 2: Going Big Big Bang, Black Holes, No Math 68 Prep For Today (is now due) – L3 Reading: –Required: BBBHNM Unit 1 (1-4) –Recommended Reading: BHOT: Chap. 1-3 SHU: Chap. 1-2 TOE: Chap. 1 Pre-Lecture Reading Questions –Unit 1 submitted into CPR eCampus Quizzes –Warm-up quizzes and AMS

69. Introduction Topic 2: Going Big Big Bang, Black Holes, No Math 69 Prep For Today (is now due) – L4 Reading: –Required: BBBHNM Unit 1 (1-4) –Recommended Reading: BHOT: Chap. 1-3 SHU: Chap. 1-2 TOE: Chap. 1 Pre-Lecture Reading Questions –Stages 1 and 2 for Unit 1 completed in CPR eCampus Quizzes –Warm-up quizzes and AMS

70. Introduction Topic 2: Going Big Big Bang, Black Holes, No Math 70 Textbook Notes Some people are still having trouble getting textbook Quicker to get it at bookstore, but you can order it directly at http://bigbang.physics.tamu.edu/ or get it there as an ebook (cheaper)http://bigbang.physics.tamu.edu/ First four chapters for free download on the website (go to “textbooks”) A number of students have already gotten extra credit for typos. List of typos at http://bigbang.physics.tamu.edu/known_textbook_problems.txt http://bigbang.physics.tamu.edu/known_textbook_problems.txt –Extra credit for any new ones (email to toback@tamu.edu) toback@tamu.edu

71. Introduction Topic 2: Going Big Big Bang, Black Holes, No Math 71 Prep For Next Time – L3 Reading: –Required: BBBHNM Unit 1 (Chapter 1-4) –Recommended Reading: BHOT: Chap. 1-3 SHU: Chap. 1-2 TOE: Chap. 1 Pre-Lecture Reading Questions –Unit 1, Stage 2 in CPR due before class on Monday eCampus Stuff –Complete Warm-up quizzes and AMS (already due) –If we finished Chapter 2 then end-of-chapter quiz 2 (else just above)

72. Introduction Topic 2: Going Big Big Bang, Black Holes, No Math Advertisement Hallmark Kickoff: The Sky Is Not The Limit: A Conversation with 1st African-American Woman Astronaut Tuesday, September 10, 2013, 9:30 am – 11:00 am The Kickoff Hallmark Event to celebrate “50 Years of Inclusion at Texas A&M” features “The Sky Is Not The Limit: A Conversation with Dr. Mae Jemison, the First African- American Woman Astronaut.” The remarkable Dr. Jemison will share her inspiring story as she takes us on an exciting and diverse voyage which mirrors her life as a student, scientist, physician, astronaut and entrepreneur, encompassing a journey from Africa to Outer Space – focusing on exploration of the frontiers of science and human potential. Learn more about Mae Jemison: http://inclusion.tamu.edu/jemison.htmlhttp://inclusion.tamu.edu/jemison.html Rudder Auditorium in RUDDER TOWER (RDER)RUDDER TOWER (RDER) 72

73. Introduction Topic 2: Going Big Big Bang, Black Holes, No Math 73 Before we begin… Some organizational stuff for the course Finally getting to the course –Chapter 2 –The Very Big

74. Introduction Topic 2: Going Big Big Bang, Black Holes, No Math 74 The Local Group Our galaxy (the Milky Way) is part of a cluster of galaxies called the “Local Group” We’re on the fringe of a very large cluster of galaxies called the “Local Supercluster” These distant galaxies are moving away from us VERY quickly –Big Bang Taken using the Hubble Space Telescope 10 23 meters!

75. Introduction Topic 2: Going Big Big Bang, Black Holes, No Math 75 eCampus Quizzes There are a number of quizzes that you will need to take on eCampus. Each is based on the questions at the end of the chapters Bad news: To pass the course you need to get a perfect score on all of them Good news: You can take as many attempts as you want until you get a perfect score I REALLY want you to learn and get good grades!

76. Introduction Topic 2: Going Big Big Bang, Black Holes, No Math 76 Prep For Next Time – L2 Reading: –BBBHNM: Chap 3 Reading Questions: –Two questions from Chapter 2 or the recommended reading –Turn in on eCampus BEFORE class eCampus Quizzes –Warm-up and AMS –If we finished Chapter 2 then end- of-chapter quiz 2 (else just above)

77. Introduction Topic 2: Going Big Big Bang, Black Holes, No Math 77 Prep For Next Time – L3 Reading: –BBBHNM: Chap 3 Reading Questions: –Two questions from Chapter 3 or the recommended reading –Turn in on eCampus BEFORE class eCampus Quizzes –Warm-up and AMS –If we finished Chapter 2 then end- of-chapter quiz 2 (else just above)

78. Introduction Topic 2: Going Big Big Bang, Black Holes, No Math PLRQ Questions In-class quiz 1.Will the Universe expand forever? 2.Can you have anti-matter in a proton? 3.Can String Theory be true? 4.Is anti-matter real? 78

79. Introduction Topic 2: Going Big Big Bang, Black Holes, No Math Calibrated Peer Review Info Get to CPR from my website or eCampus Full assignment info on CPR website –Read all the directions carefully First assignment (Unit 1) ONLY is Pass/Revise –If you do not pass all aspects of the assignment, you will have do the whole assignment again (third try?) –You will get a 100% score when you pass You shouldn’t get penalized while you learn All other assignments just get graded 79

80. Introduction Topic 2: Going Big Big Bang, Black Holes, No Math PLRQ: Rubric Questions 1 & 2 1)For the first writer-submitted question: Is it obvious that the question write has read the material? Do not choose No due to a simple or basic question. Do not choose No if it appears the writer is struggling with the concepts of the chapter. Choose No if seems that the writer did not read the chapter. Choose No if the writers question is already answered in the chapter. Be careful not to say No if a SIMPLER question is answered in the book. 2)For the first writer-submitted question: Is the question relevant to the reading? If the question is about science or borderline science fiction, that is ok. But if it is not about relevant topics choose No. Choose No if the writers question is already answered in the chapter. Be careful not to say No if a SIMPLER question is answered in the book. 80

81. Introduction Topic 2: Going Big Big Bang, Black Holes, No Math PLRQ: Rubric Questions 3-5 3)For the first writer-submitted question: Is the question clear, well phrased, thoughtful and not too speculative? Being well written is not enough. The question must seem sincerely aimed at acquiring new information. Questions like "What would happen if Einstein didn't come up with Relativity" is too speculative to get a Yes. Choose No if the writers question is already answered in the chapter. Be careful not to say No if a SIMPLER question is answered in the book. 4)For the first writer-submitted question: Does the question reflect critical thinking? If it is asking for a fact that might need to be determined by an experiment, then you can give it a Yes. If this is a definition question, or is fact-based question directly answered in the book, then select No. Be careful not to say No if a SIMPLER question is answered in the book. 5)For the first writer-submitted question: Is the question asking for information or clarification about an important point or asking for clarification on an interesting new idea about a relevant topic? Any one is fine, but it does have to be specific. For example, "I don't understand General Relativity, please elaborate" is bad, but "Why is General Relativity needed for GPS to work" is good. Choose No if the writers question is already answered in the chapter. Be careful not to say No if a SIMPLER question is answered in the book. 81