1. The University of New Mexico New Mexico Surety Task Force Panel on Cyber Security “High Power Electromagnetic Threats to the Civilian Infrastructure - A New Concern for a New Age”

2. T H E U N I V E R S I T Y O F N E W M E X I C O DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL & COMPUTER ENGINEERING November 05, 2004 2 “High Power Electromagnetic Threats to the Civilian Infrastructure - A New Concern for a New Age” Professor Edl Schamiloglu Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of New Mexico Albuquerque, NM 87131 505/277-4423 edl@ece.unm.edu Director, Institute for Infrastructure Surety http://www.ece.unm.edu/ifis A copy of this presentation can be downloaded from : www.ece.unm.edu/ifis/news.htm

3. T H E U N I V E R S I T Y O F N E W M E X I C O DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL & COMPUTER ENGINEERING November 05, 2004 3 The Problem “The increasing complexity and interconnectedness of energy, telecommunications, transportation, and financial infrastructures pose new challenges for secure, reliable management and operation. 1 ” “Complex interactive networks are omnipresent and critical to economic and social well-being. 1 ” [1] M. Amin, “National Infrastructures as Complex Interactive Networks,” Chapter 14 in Automation, Control, and Complexity: An Integrated Approach, T. Samad and J. Weyrauch, Eds. (John Wiley and Sons, NY, 2000).

4. T H E U N I V E R S I T Y O F N E W M E X I C O DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL & COMPUTER ENGINEERING November 05, 2004 4 IEEE SPECTRUM Nov. 2003 The Threat

5. T H E U N I V E R S I T Y O F N E W M E X I C O DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL & COMPUTER ENGINEERING November 05, 2004 5 Terminology HPM is loosely applied to both narrowband and ultra-wideband high power microwave systems. This is DoD usage. In the civilian standards community IEMI (Intentional Electromagnetic Interference) is used synonymously with HPM.

6. T H E U N I V E R S I T Y O F N E W M E X I C O DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL & COMPUTER ENGINEERING November 05, 2004 6 Copyright ©2003 N.Y. Times. Reprinted by Permission. Block-Diagram of a Narrowband HPM System

7. T H E U N I V E R S I T Y O F N E W M E X I C O DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL & COMPUTER ENGINEERING November 05, 2004 7 Block-Diagram of an UWB HPM System

8. T H E U N I V E R S I T Y O F N E W M E X I C O DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL & COMPUTER ENGINEERING November 05, 2004 8 HPM threats are similar to the nuclear EMP threat, except that protection protocols developed against it are ineffective against HPM.

9. T H E U N I V E R S I T Y O F N E W M E X I C O DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL & COMPUTER ENGINEERING November 05, 2004 9

10. T H E U N I V E R S I T Y O F N E W M E X I C O DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL & COMPUTER ENGINEERING November 05, 2004 10

11. T H E U N I V E R S I T Y O F N E W M E X I C O DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL & COMPUTER ENGINEERING November 05, 2004 11

12. T H E U N I V E R S I T Y O F N E W M E X I C O DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL & COMPUTER ENGINEERING November 05, 2004 12

13. T H E U N I V E R S I T Y O F N E W M E X I C O DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL & COMPUTER ENGINEERING November 05, 2004 13 RANETS-E (Russia) 500 MW, X-band Pulse length 10-20 ns 500 Hz Average output power 2.5 – 5 kW Antenna gain 45 – 50 dB < 5000 kg Volume < 9 x 3 x 2 m 2 Foreign Threats

14. T H E U N I V E R S I T Y O F N E W M E X I C O DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL & COMPUTER ENGINEERING November 05, 2004 14 Countries developing such threats Other activity ongoing in: Russia Ukraine Great Britain Germany France Sweden South Africa Netherlands China Taiwan Israel and others… There is a danger of proliferation of these sources.

15. T H E U N I V E R S I T Y O F N E W M E X I C O DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL & COMPUTER ENGINEERING November 05, 2004 15 What facilities in New Mexico are vulnerable to such threats? Civil aviation (the Sunport and all other airports, FAA sites, etc.) Power grid Vehicles in the state (trucking, buses, state police, border, etc.) Banking Water (reservoirs, irrigation, dams, etc.) Communications Internet Essentially any infrastructure that operates using microprocessors, computers, sensors, and controllers!

16. T H E U N I V E R S I T Y O F N E W M E X I C O DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL & COMPUTER ENGINEERING November 05, 2004 16 New Mexico should lead the Nation in dealing with this threat

17. T H E U N I V E R S I T Y O F N E W M E X I C O DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL & COMPUTER ENGINEERING November 05, 2004 17

18. T H E U N I V E R S I T Y O F N E W M E X I C O DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL & COMPUTER ENGINEERING November 05, 2004 18 HPM threats against the civilian infrastructure is yet another scenario that organizations need to be aware of and plan for. Standards for hardening against such threats are only now being drafted, yet may be difficult to implement. Just as Moore’s Law predicts future enhancements of processor speeds, and just as we become increasingly reliant on wireless technologies, we are becoming increasingly vulnerable to HPM threats. Our increasingly “Linked*” technological infrastructure also increases our vulnerability to HPM threats. *Albert-Laszlo Barabasi, Linked (Plume, Penguin Group, New York, NY, 2003). Conclusions