1. An Examination of New Turfgrass Insecticides and Their Effects on Nontarget Arthropods in Turf Dan Digman Research Technician The Ohio State University Department of Entomology Columbus, OH digman.6@osu.edu

2. Evaluate Impact of New Insecticides on Nontarget Arthropods in Turfgrass: Halofenozide (=MACH2 TM ) Imidacloprid (=Merit TM ) Deltamethrin (= DeltaGard TM ) Indoxacarb (=Steward TM ) Thiamethoxam (= Meridian TM )

3. Objectives Design and conduct a nontarget study to evaluate effects of halofenozide, imidacloprid, deltamethrin, indoxacarb and thiamethoxam on common arthropods in turf Compare data obtained from previous nontarget studies using insecticides currently on the market Determine the preliminary biodiversity in turfgrass

4. Rate InsecticidelbAI / acre LD 50 * ClassProduct Treatments Used in Study Imidacloprid0.3 450Neonicotinoid Merit 75WP Halofenozide2.0 2850IGR MACH2 22.3EC Thiamethoxam0.2 1563Neonicotinoid Meridian 75WDG Deltamethrin0.05 135Pyrethroid DeltaGard 5SC Indoxacarb0.13 >5000Oxadiazone Steward * Rat oral LD 50 for technical, all formulations were >5000

5. Application Method Five replications of six treatments with 0.61 meters between plots Plots (3.05 m 2 ) arranged in an RCB (Random Complete Block) Design A Tee-Jet triple-boom CO 2 spray tank with 8004 nozzles was callibrated to deliver 2 gal/1,000 ft 2 at 20 psi Experimental area established at The OSU-OTF Turfgrass Research Facility in Columbus, Ohio

6. Treatment and Collection Dates Samples include a single pre-treatment core taken per plot on 15 July, 2002 Plots were treated on 22 July, 2002 After treatment date, two turf samples were collected per plot at 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 11, 25 and 27 weeks after treatment (WAT)

7. Turf Core Extractions Samples were inverted (turf-side down) into Berlese funnels for arthropod extraction Then capped and stored in 80% ethanol until analysis

8. Statistical Analysis Data were analysed using MINITAB (Minitab, Inc., State College, PA) ANOVA multi-comparisons were calculated and with a Tukey mean separation using error rate of 5% (when valid).

9. Evaluation of 2002 Data There was an average of 27,318 arthropods per m 2 in the pretreatment samples. Of those, 80% were Acari and 14% were Collembola. Preliminary analysis indicated insufficient data to consider Aranae, Hemiptera, Coleoptera, Hymenoptera, Diptera, Thysanoptera and Lepidoptera as valid indicator groups. Analysis focused on Acari and Collembola

10. 2002 Mite Data

11. 2002 Collembola Data

12. 2002 Diplura Data

13. Back to the Drawing Board... Establish two additional studies mirroring the 2002 experiment with four replications and six treatments each Take data at 1, 2, 3, 4 and 6 WAT to observe correlations or differences

14. 2005 Data: Total Acari

15. Acari: Break-Down

16. Preliminary Data: Collembola

17. Collembola: Break-Down

18. Collembola: Continued...

19. Preliminary Data: Diplura

20. Diplura: Break-Down

21. Control Plot Total Arthropod Comparison 2002 vs. 2005

22. Preliminary Conclusions Data support no significant effects on families of Acari within first four weeks following treatments... Data for Collembola show significant effects for Sminthuridae by all treatments at 1 WAT. Data suggests that Diplura are not significantly affected by any treatments. Unknown carrying capacity may be linked to seasonal organic matter content in turfgrass.

23. Biodiversity Data Peck et al. 2001 Biodiversity Data Digman et al. 2002 Biodiversity Data

24. Thank you... Discovery is everything...