1. Review of Global Action Plan for Laboratory Containment of Wild Polioviruses

2. Global Action Plan for Laboratory Containment of Wild Polioviruses
Purpose:
To provide a systematic, world-wide Action Plan to minimise the risk of reintroduction of wild polioviruses from the laboratory into the community.

3. Definitions of poliovirus
Polioviruses: human enteroviruses that exist as 3 well defined serotypes, which infect cells via a specific receptor (PVR:CD155)
Wild polioviruses: field isolates and reference strains derived from polioviruses known or believed to have circulated persistently in the community
Oral polio vaccine strains: attenuated polioviruses approved for use in oral vaccines by national control authorities
Vaccine-derived polioviruses: progeny of approved oral poliovirus vaccine strains

4. What materials are we looking for?
1. Wild poliovirus
infectious materials:
known to be infected
with wild poliovirus
2. Wild poliovirus potentially infectious materials: possibly infected with wild poliovirus
Clinical / diagnostic specimens (Throat, fecal, CSF, or unfixed autopsy specimens from confirmed or suspected poliomyelitis cases)
Environmental specimens (water/sewage samples +polio)
Research materials (isolates, genetic material, cell lines, infected animals, etc.)
Any of the following stored in a manner known to preserve virus survival:
fecal, throat, water, or sewage specimens (controls),
and untyped enterovirus isolates
AND collected in a place and during a time when wild poliovirus was circulating
Wild poliovirus infecitous and wild poliovirus potentially infectious mateirals
Wild poliovirus infectious materials are…
Wild poliovirus potentially infectious materials are…

5. What laboratory types have these materials?
1. Wild poliovirus
infectious materials:
known to be infected
with wild poliovirus
2. Wild poliovirus potentially infectious materials: possibly infected with wild poliovirus
Types of laboratories:
poliovirus/enterovirus
vaccine producers/research
general virology
environmental
Types of laboratories:
clinical / research labs
virology
bacteriology
parasitology
pathology
gastroenterology
nutrition
environmental
The types of laboratories where you would most likely find wild poliovirus infectious materials are…
The types of laboratories where you would most likely find wild poliovirus potentially infectious materials are...

6. Polio Biosafety requirements
Standard biosafety requirements and nomenclature with additional requirements specific to polio (BSL X/polio):
discontinuing non critical use of wild polioviruses
disposing of non-essential inf or pot. Inf materials
keeping accurate records on wild poliovirus stocks
storing stocks in secure locations
restricting access to the laboratory
immunizing all laboratory staff

7. 3 phases of laboratory containment
Pre-Eradication
Post-Global Eradication
Post-OPV Immunization

8. 3 phases of laboratory containment Pre-Eradication phase
Nations must identify and develop an inventory of laboratories that have wild poliovirus infectious or potentially infectious materials
Laboratories must institute enhanced BSL-2/polio procedures for safe handling of all such materials
Nations must begin planning for the Post-Global Eradication phase

9. 3 phases of laboratory containment Post-Global Eradication phase
All laboratories possessing wild poliovirus
infectious or potentially infectious materials must:
Implement containment (BSL-3/polio) procedures, OR
Transfer wild poliovirus infectious or potentially infectious materials to WHO designated repositories, OR
Render such materials non-infectious, or destroy them, under appropriate conditions

10. 3 phases of laboratory containment Post-OPV Immunization
All laboratories possessing wild poliovirus
infectious or potentially infectious materials must:
Implement maximum containment (BSL-4/polio) procedures
All laboratories possessing OPV and OPV derived
viruses must:
Implement containment (BSL-3/polio) procedures

11. GAP Biosafety Requirements

12. Containment and the Polio Eradication Timeline
2010
Post Global Eradication Phase
2003
1999
2002
2005
Pre Global Eradication Phase
Last wild poliovirus case globally
Global Certification of Polio Eradication
Pre Cessation of OPV immunisation Phase
Global Cessation of OPV immunisation