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供應鏈中的電子化觀念 QR: Quick Response 1984, 主要是服飾業 快速反應顧客需求 解決庫存積壓和過期問題 ECR: Efficient Consumer Response 1992, 零售業,擴大 QR 觀念 涵蓋供應商和製造商 VMI/SMI CPFR: Collaborative Planning, Forecasting and Replenishment
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CPFR: 協同規劃、預測和供貨 1990 代初, Wal-Mart 和 Warner-Lambert 開始新嘗試 根據此觀念 VICS (Voluntary Interindustry Commerce Standards ) 發展 CPFR 模型 優點 降低庫存 降低缺貨 增加營業額 Develop front-end agreement Create joint business plan Create sales forecast Identify and resolve exceptions Create order forecast Identify and resolve exceptions Order generation Source: www.cpfr.org
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Business model: B Source: www.cpfr.org
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觀念:例外處理 雙方長期合作 對合作達成承諾 規劃 合作的營運計畫 預測 雙方預測間的差異的解決 供貨、訂單 雙方訂單間的差異的解決
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精確的伙伴預測 Time Sales Retailer forecast too low Retailer forecast too high
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階段性差異 Time Sales using point-of- sales data to rapidly update forecasts for new products sharing of planning information automatic monitoring of sales, shared exception alerts using the supplier’s forecast
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