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Hydrometeors Injected into the Large-scale Environment by Tropical Cloud Systems Robert A. Houze & Courtney Schumacher Co-PIs ARM Science Team Meeting, Albuquerque, New Mexico, 27 March 2006
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Tropical MCSs inject lots of hydrometeors into upper troposphere Idealized life cycle of tropical MCS as proposed by Houze 1982
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Think of the following schematic as a composite of the water budget of an MCS over its whole life cycle After Houze et al. (1980)
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Stratiform water budget equation
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Cloud radar E se Precip radar R s Doppler E sd, C su, C T Measurements
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In TWP-ICE we are subdividing the anvil into mixed and ice anvils
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13˚ S 11˚ S 12˚ S 130˚E132˚E131˚E 6060 5353 4646 3939 3232 2525 1818 1 4 dB Z 20 January 2006 0000UTC 6 km 13˚ S 11˚ S 12˚ S 130˚E132˚E 131˚E 6060 5353 4646 3939 3232 2525 1818 1 4 dB Z 20 January 2006 0900UTC 6 km 13˚ S 11˚ S 12˚ S 130˚E132˚E 131˚E 6060 53 46 39 32 25 18 11 4 dBZ 20 January 2006 1800UTC 6 km Example from TWP-ICE dBZ 20 2200 19Jan06 0000 20Jan06 0200 20Jan06 0400 20Jan06 0600 20Jan06 0800 20Jan06 1000 20Jan06 1200 20Jan06 1400 20Jan06 1600 20Jan06 1800 20Jan06 2000 20Jan06 28 21 14 7 0 -7 -14 -21 -28 ATTENUATED Height (km) 4 8 12 16 0 Cloud Radar Precipitation Radar
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TWP-ICE Precipitation Radar Rain Rate (~20 % stratiform) TWP-ICE Cloud Radar Anvil Frequency Longer-term records of the water budget parameters also are being derived. Figures here are for duration of TWP-ICE. This will also be done for a longer-term climatology. We will use cloud & precipitation radars permanently located at Darwin.
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Using the empirically derived water budget parameters b and s, the stratiform regions’ anvil mass is proportional to the stratiform rain E se =(bR s )/ s 200 hPa streamfunction response to CRF assumed proportional to TRMM rain by Schumacher et al. (2004) 400 hPa K/day
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Summary Water budget relationships will be used to investigate the magnitude & mechanisms of anvil generation by convective systems Cloud & Precipitation Radar will be used to estimate terms in the water budgets, & water budget terms will be checked for internal consistency The TWP-ICE dataset is being used to estimate the water budget terms for some representative cases, & for long-term dataset at Darwin Will develop formulas for parameterizing the anvil mass in terms of satellite observed rainfall.
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Thank you!
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