1. New IPWG member: Indonesia Center for Remote Sensing Contact Person: Dr. Ketut Wikantika (Director-CRS) Source: http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.gmd/g8070.ct000982 Archipelago: 17,508 islands (6,000 inhabited) Population: 234,693,997 (2007 est.) Terrain: part of the Pacific Ring of Fire- mountainous

2. Darmawan S. 1, Hirano A. 2, Uchida S. 2, Hadi F. 1 Wikantika K. 1 Darmawan S. 1, Hirano A. 2, Uchida S. 2, Hadi F. 1, Wikantika K. 1 Estimation and evaluation of soil erosion using multitemporal spatial data Case Study: West Java Indonesia 1) Center for Remote Sensing, Institut Teknologi Bandung, CRS-ITB Indonesia 2) Japan International Center for Agricultural Sciences (JIRCAS), Tsukuba Japan

3. Soil Soil functions : - Regulating and partitioning water and solute flow - Filtering, buffering, degrading, immobilizing, and detoxifying - Sustaining plant and animal life below and above the surface - Storing and cycling nutrients Soil erosion effects : Soil degradation, pollution, agricultural production and regional income Soil erosion models USLE, RUSLE-1, RUSLE-2, MOSES, EUROSEM… Image processing and GIS tools Commercial & open source (GRASS)

4. West Java Province: West Java Province: 3.709.528 ha, 37 million people (most populated in Indonesia) and 30 % people in agriculture Study Area 5 0 50’-7 0 50’ Ls 104 0 48-108 0 48 Le Java sea Central java Jakarta Banten Hindia Ocean Bandung Paddy field Tea plantation Environmental disaster

5. A = R x K x Ls x C x P A is the computed soil loss per unit area R the rainfall and runoff factor. K the soil erodibility factor. Ls the slope length-gradient factor. C the crop/vegetation and management factor. P the support practice factor. Mathematic model Soil erosion tolerance rate Soil erosion class Potential soil erosion (tons/acre/year) Very low< 3 Low3 - 5 Moderate5 - 10 High10 - 15 Severe> 15 (Robert P., 2000)

6. Soil erosion map in 1994, 1997, 2001, 2005 Land Use Soil Rainfall Slope GIS and Image Processing 5 3 7 8 8 7 3 3 194 5 98 3 8 7 8 2 468 3 6 252625 2 5 8 79 3 67 1 4 5 69 322 5 7 78 2 4 6 8 32 2 5262 5 29 5 8 4 5 6 3 4 5 3 67863213 7 8 2 468 3 5 252625 2 5 7 45 9 2476 1 36 874 5 6 78 2 4 6 8 34 2 5262 5 24 2 79 3 671 4 56 93 2257 78 2 4 6 832 2526 2 52 9 USLE Model C factor P factor K factor R factor Ls factor Soil erosion = CxPxKxRxLs

7. Slope in % Elevation in meter 0 - 16 = 81 % 16 - 30 = 13 % 30 - 100 = 6 % Slope in total area 0 - 500 = 64 % 500 - 1500 = 33 % 1500 - 3000 = 3 % Elevation in total area In this case slope length 30 m Java sea Hindia ocean Java sea Hindia ocean Jakarta

8. Average rainfall 1994 Rainfall mm/year 1994 19972001 2005 Extreme Average Rainfall mm/year 1994 1997 2001 2005 Java sea Hindia ocean

9. Ciujung Cibareno Cimandur Cisanggarung Cimandiri Cisadane Citarum Higher soil erosion in 2001 Ton/900m 2 /year

10. Soil erosion was very high in Cibareno River basin because changes from forest to agricultural area and agricultural area to palawija fields Higher soil erosion in 2001 because of rainfall extreme In Majalengka and Kuningan, low rainfall will cause high soil erosion because of steep slope

11. More important issue … Clean and drinking water

12. Dirty water kills Source: http://www.unwater.org/worldwaterday/flashindex.html

13. Sources of clean and drinking water Poor water resources management ≈ poor land storage More dependent on rain

14. Clean and Drinking water availability GIS

15. Good rain estimate is important for Indonesia: Use of satellite estimates Challenges in remote sensing estimates: Land v. Water (17,508 islands) Terrain (mountainous) Land use (for instance, paddy field) CRS-ITB can contribute on validation with around 4,000 rain gauges (manual) Indonesia’s involvement the IPWG:

16. Thank you