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Org Change and Org Development Ch 16 Part 1: Apr 25
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Org Change and OD Org Change – in structure, technology or people –1 st order vs. 2 nd order Org Development – methods used to implement org change Change required due to demographics, regulations, competition, technology…
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Lewin’s Force Field Analysis Model UnfreezeDesired State Refreeze How do we best unfreeze attitudes? How do we best refreeze the new state? developed 50 yrs ago, still prevalent today
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Driving & Restraining Forces To increase driving forces: –1. –2. To reduce restraining forces: –1. –2. –3.
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Employee Resistance to Change Main reasons for creating resistance: –Direct costs –Saving face –Fear of unknown –Incongruent org systems –How best to resolve each of these?
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Refreezing Through org structure changes Through org reward systems consistent with new changes Lewin’s model effectively describes change process, but overlooks what?
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OD (cont…) Change agents – what do they do? Some orgs rely on external consultants, but typically internal people Diffusion of change – the use of pilot projects
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Evaluating Change Using Kirkpatrick’s training evaluation model – what does each level assess? –Reactions – –Learning – –Behavior – –Outcomes – –Reactions measure restraining forces, learning reflects change itself, behavior measures refreezing success.
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