1. 1 15.1 Structure and Bonding 15.2 Naming Aldehydes and Ketones 15.3 Some Important Aldehydes and Ketones Chapter 15 Aldehydes, Ketones, and Chiral Molecules

2. 2 Aldehydes and Ketones  The carbonyl group is found in aldehydes and ketones.  In an aldehyde, an H atom is attached to a carbonyl group.  In a ketone, two carbon groups are attached to a carbonyl group.

3. 3 The Polar Carbonyl Group The carbonyl group (C=O): Consists of a sigma and pi bond. Has a partially negative O and a partially positive C. Has polarity that influences the properties of aldehydes and ketones.

4. 4  In the IUPAC names for aldehydes, the -e in the corresponding alkane is replaced by –al.  Common names use a prefix with aldehyde: form (1C), acet (2C), propion (3), and butyr (4C) Naming Aldehydes

5. 5 Aldehydes in Flavorings Several naturally occurring aldehydes are used as flavorings for foods and fragrances.

6. 6  In the IUPAC name, the -e in the alkane name is replaced with –one.  In the common name, add the word ketone after naming the alkyl groups attached to the carbonyl group. O O || || CH 3 —-C—CH 3 CH 3 —C—CH 2 —CH 3 Propanone 2-Butanone (Dimethyl ketone; (Ethyl methyl ketone) Acetone) Naming Ketones

7. 7 Ketones in Common Use Propanone, Dimethylketone, Acetone