1. Increasing Applicator Protection Understanding Pesticide Exposure

2. HAZARD = EXPOSURE x TOXICITY Exposure - How pesticides enter the body Toxicity - The potential of a chemical to be poisonous

3. uParts of the body absorb pesticides at different rates lThe head is 4 times more absorbent than the hand lThe genital area is 11 times more absorbent Pesticide Absorption

4. 4 Methods of Exposure uDermal (skin) uOral (mouth) uInhalation (lungs) uEyes

5. Dermal Exposure uThrough the skin lHands and forearms are most common u97% of all pesticide exposures are dermal

6. Dermal Exposure uGloves lReduce exposure 90+% lShould be unlined lChemically resistant NOT leather or cloth

7. Dermal Exposure uRinse exposed area immediately with water uRemove contaminated clothing uWash with plenty of soap and water

8. Oral Exposure PESTICIDE uThrough the mouth uMostly occurs because of improper storage

9. Pesticides removed from their original containers are the highest cause of pesticide poisonings in adults and children.

10. Oral Exposure lVictim is unconscious or is having convulsions lPetroleum based product lCorrosive pesticide lLabel specifies NOT to induce vomiting uRinse mouth with water uDo not induce vomiting if: PESTICIDE

11. Inhalation Exposure uMore common when using fine dusts and mists uMixing and loading concentrates uLung exposure is the fastest way to the bloodstream

12. Inhalation Exposure uUse respiratory protection as directed by the label

13. Inhalation Exposure uEnsure proper respirator fit l facial hair does not allow for a good fit

14. Inhalation Exposure uRemove person to fresh air uLoosen tight clothing uKeep air passages clear uPerform artificial respiration if necessary

15. Eye exposure uMore common when mixing uWhen the potential for splashing exists

16. Eye exposure uProtective eye wear should be worn when a chance of spill or splash exists Especially when mixing concentrates

17. Eye exposure uWash eye with a gentle stream of clean water for 15+ minutes uGet medical attention if there is pain or reddening of the eye

18. First Aid Summary uAct immediately! uStop exposure uRinse with clean water uRead and follow label directions! uSee a doctor and bring the pesticide label

19. HAZARD = EXPOSURE x TOXICITY Toxicity = The potential of a chemical to be poisonous.

20. Acute Toxicity uPotential of a pesticide to cause injury from a single dose. uImmediate harm caused by pesticide exposure (within 24 hours)

21. Acute Toxicity - Symptoms uDermal - skin irritation, itching reddening uOral - nausea, muscle twitching, sweating, weakness uInhalation - burning of throat and lungs, coughing uEye - temporary or permanent irritation or blindness

22. Acute Toxicity is measured in LD 50 and LC 50 lethal dose lethal concentration PESTICIDE

23. LD 50 uLethal Dose 50 l Amount of a chemical that it takes to kill 50% of the test population

26. LD 50 uLD50’s are used to compare the toxicities of different chemicals

27. What this means… HIGHER LD 50 /LC 50 => less toxic LOWER LD 50 /LC 50 => more toxic

28. Signal Words u“Warning signs” on the label that indicate the toxicity of the pesticide to both humans and animals

29. uSignal words measure acute toxicity for skin, mouth, lung and eye exposure Signal Words

30. Danger / Poison uThe oral LD 50 is up to 50 mg/kg uHuman Exposure – trace to teaspoon is fatal to 150lb. person

31. Warning uThe oral LD 50 is between 50 and 500 mg/kg uHuman Exposure - two teaspoons is fatal to 150lb. person

32. Caution uThe oral LD 50 values are 500 mg/kg and above PESTICIDE

33. Danger uCan be a potential skin and/or eye irritant

34. Toxicity - 4 Categories

35. Chronic Toxicity uPotential of a pesticide to cause injury from repeated or prolonged small doses of pesticides.

36. Chronic Toxicity uDelayed - time lapses between exposure and effects (don’t appear immediately) uResult of repeated exposure to the same pesticide or one with a similar mode of action uOn rare occasions can be from a single exposure

37. Chronic Toxicity Can Cause uCancer uTumors uBirth defects uImpotence uInfertility or sterility uBlood Disorders (anemia, inability to clot) uBrain damage uParalysis uEmphysema, asthma uKidney problems

38. REMEMBER: Repeated low-level exposure to chemicals that have potential to cause long-term effects can greatly increase the risk of chronic adverse effects.

39. The nervous system of insects and humans have common characteristics. Why are some pesticides a greater health risk?

40. Nervous System uNerves communicate by electrical signals uSpecial proteins called “transmitters” carry the electrical signal across the gap between two nerves

41. Nervous System uOther proteins called enzymes, clean out the gap so the nerve is ready for the next signal uInsects and humans have some of the same transmitters and enzymes

42. Organophosphates (OP) uHigher toxicity uLarge single exposure can cause acute poisoning uExposures over time “add up” in the body leading to poisoning

43. Organophosphates (OP) uExposure interferes with an important nervous system enzyme, cholinesterase uCausing nerves to continuously send messages to the muscles lCauses twitching, convulsions, seizures, and possibly death

44. Carbamates uAlso interferes with cholinesterase uBroken down by the body uCan cause acute poisoning

45. Symptoms of OP and Carbamate Poisoning uMild - headache, fatigue, dizziness uModerate - muscle twitching, unable to walk, pinpoint pupils uSevere - unconscious, seizures, death

46. Cholinesterase Test Program uConsult your doctor uMonitor changes in cholinesterase levels by lGet off season base line test in January or February followed by periodic testing during the season

47. Allergens uAnything that causes allergies uNeed more than 1 exposure to the product u After the 1st exposure, the body develops a negative response u When exposed again, the body responses negatively = allergic reaction

48. Allergies can uTrigger an asthma attack uCause shock uCause rashes, blisters, contact dermatitis uCause itchy, watery eyes, sneezing

49. The signs and symptoms of a pesticide poisoning are similar to

50. Heat Stress Symptoms uExhaustion, headache, nausea, chills, dizzy uThirsty and dry mouth uClammy skin or hot, dry skin uHeavy sweating or not sweating uConfused, slurred speech, irrational uDeath

51. Pupils of a heat stress victim are normal Pupils of an OP pesticide poisoning victim are pinpoint (constricted) Heat Stress Symptoms

52. Heat Stress uMove to shade uRapidly cool victim - splash or sponge cool water on skin uDrink as much water as possible uStay calm and call for help

53. HAZARD = EXPOSURE x TOXICITY The best way to avoid a pesticide poisoning is to protect yourself by reading the label and wearing personal protective equipment.

63. Caring for Protective Clothing uWash separate from family laundry uUse HOT water uWear gloves as an extra precaution

64. This presentation was prepared Kerry H. Richards, PhD, Sharon I. Gripp, and Richard J. Johnson, of The Pennsylvania State University, Pesticide Education Program. "Penn State is committed to affirmative action, equal opportunity, and the diversity of its workforce." Revised on November 4, 2002  The Pennsylvania State University Portions of this presentation were adapted from a program developed by Michigan State University. Applicator exposure slides courtesy of University of Illinois.