1. Big Game Most big game species underwent population fluctuations since European settlement, with often critically low numbers in late 1800’s early 1900’s, with some recovery since then Many occur now only in fragments of their historic ranges, Some have local populations high enough to cause environmental damage For all species, human-wildlife interactions are increasingly key to population health and survival Increasing need to think in terms of populations rather than species 10 Big Game species in AZ

2. Elk Issues: Overabundance and Ecological Impacts Predator Interactions (Yellowstone) Vehicular collisions

3. White-tailed deer Issues: Overabundance/Ecological Effects Managing urban pops

4. Mule deer Issues: Declining populations nationwide Black tailed deer

5. Javelina (collared peccary) Issues: Human-wildlife interactions Decline outside US

6. Pronghorn Issues: Grazing vs predation in declining pops Habitat fragmentation (fences, highways, development) Sonoran pronghorn recovery

7. Desert bighorn Rocky Mountain Bighorn Bighorn Issues: Maintaining isolated small pops Corridors? Dall sheep

8. Bison Issues: Brucellosis in Yellowstone herd Native to AZ and fate of House Rock herd?

9. Puma Issues: Human-Puma interactions Estimating pop size Recovery of Florida Panther

10. Black bear Issues: Bear-human interactions Methods of take

11. Wild turkey Issues: Expansion and maintenance of populations Male display

12. Caribou

13. Moose

14. Mountain goat

15. Abert (tassel-eared) squirrel Red squirrel Az grey squirrel Cottontail rabbit

16. Mearn’s (harlequin) quail Scaled quail Gambel’s quail Bobwhite quail

17. Chukar Ring-necked pheasant Introduced game birds

18. Blue grouse – High elevation Ptarmigan - High elevation Rockies Alaska, Canada Ruffed grouse – deciduous forests of N and NE Native grouse and ptarmigan

19. Sharp-tailed grouse – High plains, Dakotas, Nebraska, etc Lesser Prairie Chicken Plains states Sage grouse - sage brush areas of western states

20. Mourning dove Band-tailed pigeon White-winged dove Collared Dove INVASIVE!

22. Waterfowl

23. Tundra swan Trumpeter swan Waterfowl – migratory game birds

24. White-fronted goose

25. Canada Goose

26. Snow goose (blue and white color phases) Snow (left) vs. Ross (right)

27. Brant

28. Dabbling or surface ducks

29. Green-winged teal (drake and hen)

30. Blue-winged teal drake

31. Cinnamon teal

32. Northern Shoveller drake and hen

33. Mallard drake and hen

34. Black duck drake

35. Gadwall drake

36. American widgeon drakes

37. Northern Pintail drake

38. Wood duck drake and hen

39. Diving or Bay ducks

40. Canvasback drake and hen I’m a wedgehead

41. Redhead drake I’m a ballhead

42. Ring-necked duck drake (“I’m a snazzy diver!”)

43. Lesser scaup drake AKA “bluebill”

44. Common goldeneye hen (left) Common goldeneye drake below

45. Bufflehead drake and hen “I make black and white look good!”

46. Ruddy duck drake in Spring Drake and hen Ruddy (male displaying)

47. Common Merganser Hen (top) Drake (bottom)

48. Waterfowl migratory flyways

49. Common Snipe - long bill long legs

50. Woodcock aka “stumpy”

51. American coot

52. Sandhill Crane Necks extended, social Great Blue Heron Usually alone Neck folded

55. Quail And upland game birds Doves

56. 6