1. Biofilms
Jim Goebl

2. A Biofilm

3. What are Biofilms?
Biofilms are collections of microorganisms (ie bacteria, yeasts, and protozoa) that form on a hard surface
Some examples of biofilms are the plaque that forms on teeth and the slime that forms on surfaces in watery areas
Surrounded by slimy secretions

4. More about Biofilms
Over 90% of all bacteria live in biofilms

5. Uses of Biofilms Often used to purify water in water treatment plants
Used to break down toxic chemicals
Used to produce useful biological compounds, including medicines

6. Problems Caused by Biofilms
Tend to clog pipes and water filters
Can cause numerous diseases, including many diseases prevalent in hospitals
Extra-resistant to antibiotics
Can form almost anywhere that water is present, including catheters, kitchen counters, etc.

7. Formation of Biofilms Form in places with access to water
Attach to a solid surface using several means:
Flagella
Hydrophobic Cell Walls
Sticky Polymers

8. Altruism among microorganisms
Biofilms encourage altruism
Bacteria will often sacrifice their maximum growth rate in an effort to use the available community resources more efficiently
While individuals are disadvantaged, community as a whole benefits

9. Altruism continued Biofilms like small cities
Have many very close neighbors that remain together for extended periods of time

10. Simulation

11. Sources http://www.edstrom.com/Resources.cfm?doc_id=23
Kreft, Jan-Ulrich. “Biofilms Promote Altruism.” Microbiology (2004),