1. State and local parties

2. Parties in history

3. 3 rd Party Candidates with 5% of Popular Vote YearNamePartyPercent 1848Van BurenFree Soil10% 1856FillmoreWhig-American21% 1860BreckinridgeSouthern Democrat18% 1860BellConstitutional Union12% 1892WeaverPopulist8% 1912TRProgressive27% 1924LaFolletteProgressive16% 1968WallaceAmer. Independent13% 1980AndersonIndependent6% 1992PerotReform19% 1996PerotReform8%

4. YearPresidential CandidateParty%PVEC 1848Van BurenFree Soil10%0 1856FillmoreWhig-American21%8 1860BreckinridgeSouthern Democrat18%0 1860BellConstitutional Union12%39 1892WeaverPopulist8%22 1912TRProgressive27%88 1924LaFolletteProgressive16%13 1948ThurmondDixiecrat2%39 1968WallaceAmerican Independent13%46 1980AndersonIndependent6%0 1992PerotReform19%0 1996PerotReform8%0

5. Dominant parties in Congress Pro-Administration and Anti-Administration (1791- 1796) Federalists and Jeffersonian Republicans (1797- 1822) Adams and Jacksons (1827-1830) Jacksons and Anti-Jacksons (1828-1838) Democrats and Whigs (1835-1856) Democrats and Oppositions (1857-1858) Democrats and Republicans (1859-2007)

6. Third parties in Congress Anti Masonics American Nationals Populists Silver party Progressives Farmer-Labor

7. Why so many more third party successes in 19 th century?

8. 19 th vs. 20 th Century 3 rd Party Candidates 19 th Century Issue-based parties/ Grass roots parties Candidates join existing movement Party centered politics 20 th Century Personality-based campaigns Parties built around personalities and personal crusades Candidate centered politics

9. Party centered politics Parties run campaigns Parties select candidates Local party machines –Provide social services (particularly to immigrants) –Dispense patronage –Rig elections If you want to be governor, who do you go to?

10. Candidate-centered politics Arose because of: Civil service reforms Primary election laws Professionalization of the Congress States/federal gov’t provide social services One man one vote decisions (1964) –Reynolds v. Sims (state leg) –Wesberry v. Sanders (US House) Television Weakened local parties (both cause and effect!) If you want to be governor, who do you go to?

11. State/Local Party functions today Service organizations to candidates Fundraising Providing voter lists, computers, consultants Run training seminars Finance polls Organize coordinated campaigns

12. State/Local Party functions today Service organizations to candidates Recruit candidates Campaign –Register voters –Canvass voters –Turn out voters (GOTV)

13. Republican Party of San Diego State party –Board of directors; national committeemen County level organization –Elected officeholders automatically part of county committee –Other county committee members elected by assembly districts Local Clubs Donor clubs with extra access

14. Federalism and the parties Varying political culture affects party opportunity and strength Different electoral rules in different states Some micromanaging of parties themselvesSome micromanaging Primary elections

15. What is a political party? It aims to promote certain policies It inspires loyalty among voters who agree with those policies It works to gain power in government –By nominating and fighting for the election of candidates It is an organization with rules It also organizes coalitions within government, simplifying policymaking

16. Primary election laws Open primaries Closed primaries Blanket primaries