1. Senior Design Proposal Stevens Institute of Technology Mechanical Engineering Dept. Senior Design 2005~06 Date: October 6 th, 2005 Advisor: Dr. Kishore Pochiraju Group 10: Biruk Assefa, Lazaro Cosma, Josh Ottinger, Yukinori Sato

2. 10/6/2005Wave Energy Power Generator2 Presentation Agenda Project Background Objective Approach State of the Art Review QFD Analysis Concepts Budget Project Deliverables Conclusion

3. 10/6/2005Wave Energy Power Generator3 Project Background Importance of Renewable Energy –More environmentally conscious –Unlimited resource Major Sources of Renewable Energy –Wind –Solar –Wave

4. 10/6/2005Wave Energy Power Generator4 Renewable Energy Comparison Wave PowerSolar PowerWind Power Energy Density and Predictability HighLow Availability90%20%-30% Potential SitesVirtually UnlimitedLimitedVery Limited Environmental IssuesNoneVisual PollutionNoise and Visual Pollution Wave Energy Densities (MW) Wave Energy has more potential than Wind and Solar Energies combined

5. 10/6/2005Wave Energy Power Generator5 Wave Energy Locations Three locations –Shore –Near shore –Offshore Offshore has the most potential energy Focus on Offshore Device

6. 10/6/2005Wave Energy Power Generator6 Offshore Wave Energy Advantages Sea waves have high energy densities Negligible demand on land use Ability to secure energy supplies in remote regions Limited negative environmental impact Disadvantages High structural loading in extreme weather conditions Potential navigation hazard to ships

7. 10/6/2005Wave Energy Power Generator7 Project Scope/Objective Product Description –Device that harnesses wave energy in off-shore locations to generate electrical power Key Business Goals –Develop and test novel design concept –Proof of concept for wave energy power generator –Possibly at industrial (power grid) level scale Primary Market –Sensor buoys utilized by many military agencies Secondary Markets –Public and private research institutions –Boating and recreation –Industrial scale power generation Assumptions and Constraints –Must withstand harsh conditions –Must be partially or fully submerged in water –Be able to charge batteries (12~24Vdc)

8. 10/6/2005Wave Energy Power Generator8 Approach Pre-Project Planning –Identify Opportunities, Evaluate Project, Allocate resources Identify Needs / Product Specification –Customer Needs, Metrics, Target Values Competitive Analysis Concept Generation –Concept Classification Table –Concept Screening and Scoring –Final Concept Selection Product Architecture / Design of Product –Geometric layout, Identify interactions, 3D CAD Model, Manufacturability and Assembly Concept Testing Engineering Cost Analysis

9. 10/6/2005Wave Energy Power Generator9 Disciplines of Interest Mechanical Engineering –Dynamics & Machine Components –Power and Energy Ocean Engineering –Wave Energy Analysis Systems Engineering –Requirements & Integration Electrical Engineering –Microcontroller & Circuits System

10. 10/6/2005Wave Energy Power Generator10 State of the Art Review Conducted interviews –Dr. Pochiraju – Design & Manufacturing Institute Director –Dr. Nazalewicz - Mechanical Engineering Professor –Mike Raftery - PhD. Student Ocean Engineering Literature Search including articles and journals Patent Search for components and concepts Brainstorming – possible conceptual designs

11. 10/6/2005Wave Energy Power Generator11 Patent Search Patent Number 4462211:Patent Number 539495: Patent Number 5808368: Patent Number 5931062: Patent Number 6719670: Rectifier Designs Wave Power Devices

12. 10/6/2005Wave Energy Power Generator12 Existing Designs Pelamis PS Frog Aquabuoy Powerbuoys Designs range from: Complex turbine systems Linear generator designs Long floating devices Conclusion: If it can float, rotate, or oscillate it is a potential design

13. 10/6/2005Wave Energy Power Generator13 Major Problems / Concerns Economic feasibility Maintenance and installation Engineering challenges –Harness energy at a cost that is competitive –Efficiency –Adjusting natural frequency to wave frequency –Utilizing full wave motion / height for optimum power potential –Scalability

14. 10/6/2005Wave Energy Power Generator14 QFD Analysis

15. 10/6/2005Wave Energy Power Generator15 Target Values Metric No. Need Nos. MetricUnits Marginal Value Ideal Value 11Power output per cost of unitWatts / $>.0027>.015 22Power OutputWatts> 5>15 33,4Working PeriodMonths>6>12 43,4,6Number of moving partsNumber<6<4 55Maximum height of wave allowedFeet>2>6 66,8Number of componentsNumber<8<5 77Cost of Repair at catastrophic failureDollars<500<100 86,8WeightPounds<150<75 98Size Volume (ft 3 ) <15<8

16. 10/6/2005Wave Energy Power Generator16 Concepts Combination Table Motion Capturing Device Wave Motion Motion Conversion Device(s) Mechanical Motion Electricity Generating Device Mechanical Motion Electrical Energy Buoy Spring-loaded Reel Mechanical Rectifier Inverted Reduction Device Rotary Generator Buoy Piston Direct Drive Linear Generator Gear Box Belt CVT Bevel Gear One-way clutch BuoyCrank Inverted Reduction Device Rotary Generator BuoyPistonFluidic MediumTurbine Rotary Generator Magnet Inside Magnet Outside Pneumatic Hydraulic Open System Closed System Other Alternative Characteristics Located Underwater Located Above Water Located Underwater Located Above Water BuoyAir ChamberAirTurbine Rotary Generator 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Concept Groups

17. 10/6/2005Wave Energy Power Generator17 Concept Groups (1a & 1b) Concept Group 1a Reel, Mech. Rectifier, Reduction Device, and Rotary Generator Concept Group 1b Device integrated into buoy

18. 10/6/2005Wave Energy Power Generator18 Concept Groups (2 & 3) Concept Group 2 Crank, Reduction Device, and Rotary Generator Concept Group 3 Piston and Direct Drive Linear Generator

19. 10/6/2005Wave Energy Power Generator19 Concept Groups (4 & 5) Concept Group 4 Piston, Fluid, System of Valves, Turbine, and Rotary Generator Concept Group 5 Air Camber, Oscillating Air, Turbine, and Rotary Generator

20. 10/6/2005Wave Energy Power Generator20 Project Budget

21. 10/6/2005Wave Energy Power Generator21 Deliverables Fall 2005 –Final Concept Design and Specifications –CAD Drawing and FEM Analysis –Control System Design –Final Project Budget Spring 2006 –Working Prototype –Prototype Testing Analysis

22. 10/6/2005Wave Energy Power Generator22 Gantt Chart

23. 10/6/2005Wave Energy Power Generator23 Conclusion What’s Next –Concept Evaluation and Selection –Designing the System Focus on small scale device to harness wave energy for electrical power Analyze concept for industrial scale feasibility

24. 10/6/2005Wave Energy Power Generator24 Questions or Comments?