1. CWNA Guide to Wireless LANs, Second Edition Chapter One It’s a Wireless World

2. CWNA Guide to Wireless LANs, Second Edition2 Objectives Describe how wireless technology is used in daily activities Tell how wireless local area networks are used in applications such as education, business, travel, construction, and other areas Explain the advantages and disadvantages of wireless technology

3. CWNA Guide to Wireless LANs, Second Edition3 A Day in the Life of a Wireless User: Home Hotspots: Locations where wireless data services are available Wireless local area network (WLAN): Essentially identical to standard local area network (LAN) –Except devices not connected by wires –Can increase productivity

4. CWNA Guide to Wireless LANs, Second Edition4 A Day in the Life of a Wireless User: Car Bluetooth wireless standard: Enables short range wireless communication –Used in many small devices

5. CWNA Guide to Wireless LANs, Second Edition5 A Day in the Life of a Wireless User: Office Fixed broadband wireless: Wireless transmissions between immobile devices –Typically between office buildings –Utilizes small, customized antennas Free space optics (FSO): Alternative to high- speed fiber optic transmissions

6. CWNA Guide to Wireless LANs, Second Edition6 A Day in the Life of a Wireless User: Field Handheld devices used to connect to nearest cell tower –Cell tower connects to local telephone company –Telephone company connects to appropriate resources Such as e-mail servers

7. CWNA Guide to Wireless LANs, Second Edition7 A Day in the Life of a Wireless User: On Site Radio frequency identification (RFID) tags: –“Electronic barcodes” –Used to identify items –Can be read if anywhere within range of transmitted radio signal Depending on device

8. CWNA Guide to Wireless LANs, Second Edition8 A Look at Wireless Technologies Wireless technology woven throughout many aspects of life Useful to get overview of some current technologies in today’s wireless world

9. CWNA Guide to Wireless LANs, Second Edition9 Wireless Local Area Networks (WLANs) Wi-Fi (Wireless Fidelity): Based on standard that transmits at up to 11 Mbps Computers on WLAN must have wireless network interface cards (wireless NIC or Wireless adapter) –Performs same basic functions as standard NIC, plus more Access point (AP): Transfers signals between wireless NICs Patch cable connects AP to wired LAN or Internet

10. CWNA Guide to Wireless LANs, Second Edition10 Wireless Local Area Networks (continued) Figure 1-3: Wireless LAN

11. CWNA Guide to Wireless LANs, Second Edition11 Wireless Local Area Networks (continued) Figure 1-4: Home wireless LAN

12. CWNA Guide to Wireless LANs, Second Edition12 Bluetooth Low-power wireless data and voice transmission technology Bluetooth devices communicate via radio modules –Link manager: Software that helps identify other Bluetooth devices, creates links between devices, and sends and receives data Transmit data at up to 1 Mbps over 10 meters Bluetooth devices within range of each other automatically connect –Master and slave

13. CWNA Guide to Wireless LANs, Second Edition13 Bluetooth (continued) Piconet: Bluetooth network containing a master and at least one slave Figure 1-5: Bluetooth device

14. CWNA Guide to Wireless LANs, Second Edition14 Telecommunications Links Integrated Services Digital Networks (ISDN): Transmits at 256 Kbps T-1 lines: Transmit at 1.544 Mbps Cable modems: Use television cable connection Digital subscriber lines (DSL): Use telephone lines WiMax: Signal transmitted between antennas –Up to 75 Mbps and over up to 35 miles –Fixed Broadband

15. CWNA Guide to Wireless LANs, Second Edition15 Telecommunications Links (continued) FSO: Transmit at speeds up to 1.25 Gbps over up to 4 miles –Line-of-site transmission Figure 1-6: Free space optics transceiver

16. CWNA Guide to Wireless LANs, Second Edition16 Telecommunications Links (continued) Figure 1-7: Wireless office technologies

17. CWNA Guide to Wireless LANs, Second Edition17 Cellular Telephony Global Systems for Mobile (GSM) communications technology: Coverage includes most of US and parts of Europe and Japan –Transmission speeds up to 9.6 Kbps –Information transmitted based on Wireless Application Protocol (WAP) Standard way to transmit, format, and display data for devices like cell phones and handheld devices

18. CWNA Guide to Wireless LANs, Second Edition18 Cellular Telephony (continued) Figure 1-8: Browsing the World Wide Web

19. CWNA Guide to Wireless LANs, Second Edition19 Cellular Telephony (continued) WAP cell phone runs a microbrowser that uses Wireless Markup Language (WML) instead of HTML WAP gateway or proxy: Translates between WML and HTML Figure 1-9: WAP communications

20. CWNA Guide to Wireless LANs, Second Edition20 Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) Like an electronic barcode: –Can contain larger amounts of updatable information –Information transmitted via radio waves –Range typically about 1 foot at 5 Mbps Figure 1-10: RFID tag

21. CWNA Guide to Wireless LANs, Second Edition21 Wireless Technology Categories Table 1-1: Typical wireless technologies

22. CWNA Guide to Wireless LANs, Second Edition22 Wireless LAN Applications: Education Educational institutions some of first adopters of WLANs –Dramatic advantages in teaching and learning Wireless LAN connections offer students important degree of freedom WLAN technology translates into cost savings for colleges –Reduces need for wiring and infrastructure –Fewer computer labs necessary

23. CWNA Guide to Wireless LANs, Second Edition23 Wireless LAN Applications: Education (continued) Figure 1-11: Campus access point locations

24. CWNA Guide to Wireless LANs, Second Edition24 Wireless LAN Applications: Business Wireless LAN technologies have significantly changed how business conducted –Meetings not confined to conference rooms –Easier to connect to network resources and Internet –Can create office in space where traditional infrastructure does not exist

25. CWNA Guide to Wireless LANs, Second Edition25 Wireless LAN Applications: Travel Travel industry perhaps adopted wireless technologies more than any other industry –Many airport terminals provide wireless hotspots –Several large airlines providing wireless capabilities to passengers during flights –Some airlines use WLAN technology to communicate with aircraft on ground –Some airlines use WLAN technology to facilitate maintenance tasks –Some airlines use new wireless data service to send and receive messages

26. CWNA Guide to Wireless LANs, Second Edition26 Wireless LAN Applications: Construction Wireless technology has greatly benefited construction industry –Better management of resources –Better management of paperwork Construction equipment being fitted with wireless terminals –“Smart” equipment –GPS information can provide location information to within centimeters

27. CWNA Guide to Wireless LANs, Second Edition27 Wireless LAN Applications: Warehouse Management New products arrive continuously –Must be inventoried and stored Products being shipped must first be located then transferred to correct location and truck –Mistakes in inventory or inability to locate items can be devastating –Mark inventory with RFID tags Warehouse management system (WMS) software: Can manage all activities from receiving through shipping –Utilize wireless technology

28. CWNA Guide to Wireless LANs, Second Edition28 Wireless LAN Applications: Public Safety Public safety departments using WLANs and GSM to communicate information with public safety vehicles –City-owned buildings equipped with APs –Large volumes of data can be quickly downloaded to vehicles e.g., building floor plans, photographs of criminal suspects, and maps

29. CWNA Guide to Wireless LANs, Second Edition29 Wireless LAN Applications: Healthcare Wireless LAN point-of-care computer systems allow medical staff to access and update patient records immediately –Document patient’s medication administration immediately –Extensive use of RFID tags Identify healthcare professionals, patients, medications –System verifies that medication being administered to correct patient in correct dosage Eliminates potential errors and documentation inefficiencies

30. CWNA Guide to Wireless LANs, Second Edition30 Wireless LAN Applications: Healthcare (continued) Documentation process takes place at bedside where care delivered –Improves accuracy Hospital personnel have real-time access to latest medication and patient status information Wireless technology also used in other medical areas: –e.g., video pills

31. CWNA Guide to Wireless LANs, Second Edition31 Wireless LAN Applications: Healthcare (continued) Figure 1-12: Video pill

32. CWNA Guide to Wireless LANs, Second Edition32 Wireless Advantages and Disadvantages: Advantages Mobility: Primary advantage of wireless technology –Enables individuals to use devices no matter where users roam within range of network –Increasingly mobile workforce is characteristic of today’s business world –WLANs give mobile workers freedom while allowing them to access network resources –“Flatter” organizations: WLANs give team-based workers ability to access network resources needed while collaborating in team environment

33. CWNA Guide to Wireless LANs, Second Edition33 Wireless Advantages and Disadvantages: Advantages (continued) Easier and Less Expensive Installation: Installing network cabling in older buildings difficult and costly –Wireless LAN is ideal solution –Eliminating need for cabling results in cost savings Significant time savings as well –Allows offices to reorganize easily Increased Reliability: Wireless LAN technology eliminates certain types of cable failures and increases overall network reliability

34. CWNA Guide to Wireless LANs, Second Edition34 Wireless Advantages and Disadvantages: Advantages (continued) Disaster Recovery: Documented disaster recovery plan vital to every business –Hot site: Off-site facility that can run business’s operations if primary site is not available Generally maintained by third party Expensive –Cold site: Customer provides and installs equipment Many businesses use cold sites and WLANs as major piece of disaster recovery plan –No consideration given to network cabling

35. CWNA Guide to Wireless LANs, Second Edition35 Wireless Advantages and Disadvantages: Disadvantages Security: Wireless signals broadcast in open air –Security for wireless LANs is prime concern Unauthorized users might access network –War driving Attackers might view transmitted data Employees could install rogue access points Attackers could easily crack existing wireless security –Older wireless products have very weak security features

36. CWNA Guide to Wireless LANs, Second Edition36 Wireless Advantages and Disadvantages: Disadvantages (continued) Radio Signal Interference: Signals from other devices can disrupt wireless transmissions –Or wireless device may be source of interference for other devices –e.g., Microwave ovens, elevator motors, photocopying machines, theft protection devices, cordless telephones –Solution: Locate source of interference and remove Health Risks: Wireless devices emit RF energy –Not known if or to what extent low levels of RF might cause adverse health effects

37. CWNA Guide to Wireless LANs, Second Edition37 Summary Wireless devices and technologies enable users to roam almost anywhere and remain connected to data and voice networks A WLAN, also known as Wi-Fi, functions the same as a standard wired network except devices send radio frequency signals through the air instead of being connected to the network by cabling Bluetooth devices communicate using small radio transceivers called radio modules that are built into microprocessor chips

38. CWNA Guide to Wireless LANs, Second Edition38 Summary (continued) Two popular technologies are WiMax and free space optics (FSO) Handheld devices can send and receive wireless signals using the Global System for Mobile (GSM) communications technology RFID tags function as electronic barcodes Wireless personal area networks (WPANs) cover technologies where the transmission generally extends only a few meters or feet, whereas wireless local area networks (WLANs) are generally restricted to 112 meters (375 feet)

39. CWNA Guide to Wireless LANs, Second Edition39 Summary (continued) Wireless LAN applications can be found in industries in which employees need the freedom to conduct business without being confined to a specific location Wireless LANs have significant advantages, including increased mobility, easier and less expensive network installations, increased network reliability, and disaster recovery Some of the disadvantages of wireless LANs include security, radio signal interference, and health concerns