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The Affectional System in Monkeys
Assertion: Social isolation will affect the normal development of infant behavior. The initial studies by Harlow were purely accidental.
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Normal monkey stages of play
Inanimate Object Play Reflex stage Exploratory stage Object utilization stage Object aggressive stage (Rough and Tumble Play
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Social Isolation
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The effect of Social Isolation during infancy
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The initial Play Pen
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Stage of Age Mate Affection
Reflex stage of Peer Affection: noise, sound and movements of age mates attracts the subject in question
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Three cloth mother raised infants, just leaving reflex stage
Three cloth mother raised infants, just leaving reflex stage. Note the close contact
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Two playmates doing oral manipulation
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Object Utilization Stage
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Rough and Tumble Play
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Playpen 2
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Mother vs. Surrogate Rough and Tumble Play
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Frequency of R & T Ply by infants with real mothers
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Approach-Withdrawl Play
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Approach-Withdrawal Play
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Aggressive Play Conspecific Aggresive Play Interspecies aggretion
Both require the beginning of dominance status
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Infant Affectional stages
Reflex stage Comfort and Attachment Security Separation
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Object Exploration vs. Social Exploration Over days
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Time spent on Terry-cloth mother vs. wire-mother
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Fear in an open field – no cloth-mother available
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Open field test with and without surrogate mother monkey
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Open field, cloth-mother available
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Fear reduced, begin to explore (keeping contact with cloth mother)
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Curiosity, open field cloth-mother
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Strong preference for cloth mother in both age groups
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When afraid run to the cloth-mother monkey
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Maternal Affectional system
Attachment and Protection Transitional and Ambivalence Maternal Separation or Rejection
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Socially Deprived Rhesus Monkey Mother
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Mal Mothering in a Socially Deprived Rhesus Monkey
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Normal (A,B) and Abnormal (C,D) male sex Behavior
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Prim’s problems with Harlow’ Analysis
1) The need for a concept of “critical period” for social learning, vis-a-vi the lack of the concept for social learning
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Enriched experience vs deprivation experience
The only learning deficit shown by social isolates is in oddity learning, not in two object discrimination learning. Enriched experience in rats have shown clear brain enhancement in growth of glial cells
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Is learning all the same
How does social isolation harm the animals ability to for sex partners in the face of the fact that the isolate is not harmed for two objects discrimination learning
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Failure to learn in the presence of an aversive state of affairs.
Given reinforcement theory of behavioral control how is it that the rhesus monkey can not adapt his sex behavior after repeated failures.
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