1. DARPA Dr. Douglas C. Schmidt dschmidt@darpa.mil DARPA/ITO Towards Adaptive & Reflective Middleware for Combat Systems Wednesday, June 24, 2015 Authorized for Public Release: Distribution Unlimited

2. DARPA 2 Emerging Operational Trends & Challenges Devising assurable embedded systems e.g., efficient, predictable, & safe, secure Devising adaptable embedded systems e.g., real-time dynamic allocation of computing/networking resources across many physical/virtual assets Devising affordable embedded systems e.g., transition technology to COTS Devising assurable embedded systems e.g., efficient, predictable, & safe, secure Devising adaptable embedded systems e.g., real-time dynamic allocation of computing/networking resources across many physical/virtual assets Devising affordable embedded systems e.g., transition technology to COTS Key Challenges Emerging Trends Next-generation embedded systems are moving from platform- centric to network-centric distributed “systems of systems” Demands for greater autonomy are growing To meet expanding needs, our embedded systems must be more assurable, adaptable, & affordable uav.navair.navy.mil/home.htm

3. DARPA 3 Autonomous distributed embedded systems Emerging R&D Challenges & Trends Middleware, Frameworks, & Components Patterns & Pattern Languages Standards & Open- source However, recent COTS software technology advances are helping to fundamentally reshape R&D High-performance, real-time, fault- tolerant, and secure systems Power-aware ad hoc, mobile, distributed, & embedded systems Despite IT commoditization, COTS is often not applicable for mission-critical DoD network-centric embedded systems

4. DARPA 4 Problems with Current Embedded System Approaches Applications Endsystem Applications Endsystem Wireless/Wireline Networks Sensor Systems Weapon Systems Technology base: Proprietary MW Mercury Link16/11/4 Command & Control System Technology base: DII-COE POSIX ATM/Ethernet Weapon Control Systems Technology base: Proprietary MW VxWorks FDDI/LANS Engagement System Technology base: Proprietary MW POSIX NTDS Technology base: Proprietary MW POSIX VME/1553 Operating System Operating System Kill Eval Sched EO Illum Network AAW EG AAW TBM EG AAW MG TMB MG Problems Non-scalable tactical performance Inadequate QoS control for joint operations e.g., distributed weapons control High software lifecycle costs e.g., many “accidental complexities” & low-level platform dependencies Problems Non-scalable tactical performance Inadequate QoS control for joint operations e.g., distributed weapons control High software lifecycle costs e.g., many “accidental complexities” & low-level platform dependencies Dynamic embedded system QoS requirements historically not supported by COTS i.e., COTS is too big, slow, buggy, incapable, & inflexible Likewise, the proprietary multiple technology bases in embedded systems today limit effectiveness by impeding Assurability (of QoS), Adaptability, & Affordability Today, each combat system brings its own: networks computers displays software people

5. DARPA 5 Adaptive – capable of static or dynamic modification Reflective – capable of self-adaptation based on functional & QoS context QoS – non-functional system properties, e.g., thruput, latency/jitter, scalability, dependability, & security Create the new generation of adaptive & reflective middleware system (ARMS) technologies to simultaneously control multiple system QoS properties Applications Endsystem Applications Endsystem A More Effective Approach Middleware Common Services Distribution Middleware Infrastructure Middleware Domain-Specific Services Wireless/Wireline Networks Sensor System Weapon System Command & Control System Engagement System Weapon Control System Operating System ARMS Benefits Highly scalable tactical performance e.g., distributed resource mgmt. Enable new warfighting capability e.g., distributed weapons control Support common technology bases e.g., elevate standardization of COTS to middleware to control software lifecycle costs by minimizing lower-level dependencies ARMS Benefits Highly scalable tactical performance e.g., distributed resource mgmt. Enable new warfighting capability e.g., distributed weapons control Support common technology bases e.g., elevate standardization of COTS to middleware to control software lifecycle costs by minimizing lower-level dependencies } }

6. DARPA 6 DARPA/ITO Family of Embedded Systems Programs SEC Hybrid system control & computation Hybrid system control & computation Quorum Quality-of-service & translucent layers MoBIES Design technology & software CAD ARMS Adaptive & reflective middleware Adaptive & reflective middleware PCES Composable embedded systems NEST Deeply networked embedded systems PCA Polymorphous computing architecture Hardware Domain-Specific Services Common Services Distribution Middleware Infrastructure Middleware Operating Systems & Protocols Applications

7. DARPA 7 Why We Can Make a Difference Now Recent synergistic advances in fundamentals: QoS-enabled Middleware Pattern Languages Distributed Resource Modeling Bold Stroke Avionics Mission Computing WSOA Real-time Retargeting Pattern Languages Generate software architectures by (1) capturing common structures & dynamics & (2) resolving design constraints Distributed Resource Modeling Formally specify resource mgmt. plans; model, reason about, & refine them; & monitor/enforce them automatically Recent success infusing standards-based COTS into DRE systems: Level of DRE Tactical Technology Abstraction ’96-’01’02-’06’90-’95 lo hi DRE researchers DRE practitioners C/Ada Cyclic execs Proprietary C++ UNIX CORBA C++ UNIX CORBA Java Linux RT CORBA RT Java RT Linux RT CORBA DRTS Java RT Linux RT CORBA ARMS Network QoS-enabled Middleware Pluggable protocol/service components & reusable “semi-complete” frameworks that assure end-to-end system qualities