1. Ottawa Mandarin School Adult Class 2011-12 Week 02: September 23, 2011 Instructor: Daniel C. Lee Vowels, mother of rhymes 韻母

2. Plans 1.Review of Tones Activity 2.Vowels sorted by pinyin Tone activities for each a, e, i, o, u Vowel activity 2

3. Activity 2.1 Passtones 1.Divide the class in group of 4-5 students. 2.A series of passwords (passtones) is given to the first person of the group. 3.The passtone is passed down through by mouth. If you are not sure about what you hear, ask for a repeat or even a “review” of the person before the person before you. 4.The last student of the chain writes down the passtones in number (e.g. 1-2-3-4) 5.The group with the most correct passtones wins! 3

4. Vowels Zhuyin ( 注音符號 ), currently used in Taiwan, lists 16 vowels in Mandarin. ㄚ ㄛ ㄜ ㄝ ㄞ ㄟ ㄠ ㄡ ㄢ ㄣ ㄤ ㄥ ㄦ ㄧ ㄨ ㄩ Pinyin ( 漢語拼音 ), currently used in Mainland China (and Taiwan), is NOT exactly equivalent to Zhuyin. 4

5. A- PinyinZhuyinPronunciationExamples a ㄚ aah 啊 ah 啦 la ai ㄞ Letter [I] 愛 love 矮 short ao ㄠ [Ou]ch 包 bun 跑 run an ㄢ aan 安 safe 慢 slow ang ㄤ aang 忙 busy 方 sqaure 5

6. Drills for each of the vowels, practice all 4 tones ( ㄚ ) -a1, -a2, -a3, -a4 ( ㄞ ) -ai1, -ai2, -ai3, -ai4 ( ㄠ ) -ao1, -ao2, -ao3, -ao4 ( ㄢ ) -an1, -an2, -an3, -an4 ( ㄤ ) -ang1, -ang2, -ang3, -ang4 6

7. Activity 2.2 Tone calling (a) 1.(same group as before) Adapt a tone (1, 2, 3, 4). 2.Hold your tone on a piece of paper. 3.The instructor reads one of the vowels on the previous page. When your tone is called, stand up and hold your tone! 4.The first group to provide the correct answer gets one point! 7

8. E- PinyinZhuyinPronunciationExamples e ㄜ [a]bout 餓 hungry 鵝 goose *e ㄝ T[e]st Always follows “i or u” 鐵 iron ei ㄟ Letter [A] 北 north 美 beautiful en ㄣ [a]bout + n 笨 stupid 恩 grace eng ㄥ [a]bout + ng 等 wait 能 can er ㄦ Letter [R] 二 two 兒 son 8

9. Drills for each of the vowels, practice all 4 tones ( ㄜ ) -e1, -e2, -e3, -e4 ( ㄟ ) -ei1, -ei2, -ei3, -ei4 ( ㄣ ) -en1, -en2, -en3, -en4 ( ㄥ ) -eng1, -eng2, -eng3, -eng4 ( ㄦ ) -er1, -er2, -er3, -er4 9

10. Activity 2.2 Tone calling (e) 1.(same group) adapt a DIFFERENT tone (1, 2, 3, 4). 2.Same rules! 10

11. Note: As letter “E”, in the absence of consonants, “y” is added in front of “i” to make “yi”. 11 I- PinyinZhuyinPronunciationExamples i ㄧ Letter [E] 一 one 低 low i deletedNo equivalent! 四 four 字 word only if following: ㄗ (z) ㄘ (c) ㄙ (s)

12. Drills for each of the vowels, practice all 4 tones ( ㄧ ) -i1, -i2, -i3, -i4 ( ㄧ ) yi1, yi2, yi3, yi4 ( ㄧㄚ ) -ia1, -ia2, -ia3, -ia4 ( ㄧㄝ ) -ie1, -ie2, -ie3, -ie4 ( ㄧㄤ ) -iang1, -iang2, -iang3, iang4 ( ㄧㄥ ) -ing1, -ing2, -ing3, -ing4 12

13. Activity 2.2 Tone calling (i) 1.(same group) adapt a DIFFERENT tone (1, 2, 3, 4). 2.Same rules! 13

14. O- PinyinZhuyinPronunciationExamples o ㄛ [a]ll 喔 oh 摸 touch ou ㄡ Letter [O] 都 all 偷 steal 14

15. Drills for each of the vowels, practice all 4 tones ( ㄛ ) -o1, -o2, -o3, -o4 ( ㄡ ) -ou1, -ou2, -ou3, -ou4 15 Note: O is [a]ll, not letter O! OU is letter O, not y[ou]!

16. Activity 2.2 Tone calling (o) 1.(same group) adapt a DIFFERENT tone (1, 2, 3, 4). 2.Same rules! 16

17. U- PinyinZhuyinPronunciationExamples u ㄨ R[oo]t 五 correct 主 host u(ü/v) ㄩ No equivalent! 雨 rain 女 female ui ㄨㄟ Wei 對 correct 會 is able to 喂 hey (2 nd tone) 17 Note: In the absence of consonants, “w” is added in front of u. Ui is [wei], not [we] !!

18. ㄨ (u) vs. ㄩ (u or ü or v) The confusion of ㄨ / ㄩ is a weakness of pinyin, which is limited by the number of Roman alphabets. Some consonants can be followed only by one of them (e.g. “y” is only followed by ㄩ ). Some can be followed by both. In such cases, use ü or v to represent ㄩ. However, if there is no chance for confusion, other ㄩ stay as u, not ü. 18

19. Drills for each of the vowels, practice all 4 tones ( ㄨ ) -u1, -u2, -u3, -u4 ( ㄩ ) -ü/u1, -ü/u2, -ü/u3, -ü/u4 ( ㄨㄚ ) -ua1, -ua2, -ua3, -ua4 * ( ㄩㄝ ) -ue1, -ue2, -ue3, -ue4 ( ㄨㄟ ) -ui1, -ui2, -ui3, -ui4 ( ㄨㄛ ) -uo1, -uo2, -uo3, -uo4 19

20. Activity 2.2 Tone calling (u) 1.(same group) adapt a DIFFERENT tone (1, 2, 3, 4). 2.Same rules! 20

21. Pinyin vowels 21 a- e- i(y)- o- u(w)- nothing a ( ㄚ ) e ( ㄜ ) i ( ㄧ ) o ( ㄛ ) u ( ㄨ, ㄩ ) -a-a ia ( ㄧㄚ ) ua ( ㄨㄚ ) -e-e ie ( ㄧㄝ ) ue ( ㄩㄝ ) -i-i ai ( ㄞ ) ei ( ㄟ ) ui ( ㄨㄟ ) -o ao ( ㄠ ) uo ( ㄨㄛ ) -u iu ( ㄧㄡ ) ou ( ㄡ ) -n an ( ㄢ ) en ( ㄣ ) in ( ㄧㄣ ) - ng ang ( ㄤ ) eng ( ㄥ ) ing( ㄧㄥ ) ong( ㄨㄥ ) - r er ( ㄦ )

22. -iu ( ㄧㄡ ), -ui ( ㄨㄟ ) Both cause massive confusion even for native speakers ( ㄧㄡ ) -iu is i-ou (as in YO-YO), not letter [U] ( ㄨㄟ ) -ui is [wei], not [we] Practice -iu1, -iu2, -iu3, -iu4 -ui1, -ui2, -ui3, -ui4 22

23. Activity 2.3 Vowel Calling (Same groups of 4 or 5) each student adapts a Roman alphabet (a, e, i, o, u). Take your vowel on a piece of paper. A word is given by the instructor. If the pinyin of this word contains your alphabet (doesn’t matter the order), stand up. The first group to get the correct answer gets the point! 23

24. Homework Practice all 4 tones of the vowel combos (slide 21) once per day! Quiz next week 24