1. Water Quality: Why is it so dirty?

2. Cuyahoga River, Ohio November 1952 Some river! Chocolate- brown, oily, bubbling with subsurface gases, it oozes rather than flows. "Anyone who falls into the Cuyahoga does not drown," Cleveland's citizens joke grimly. "He decays.” Time Magazine, August 1969

3. Groundwater Pollution

4. What is Water Pollution? any physical (temperature, oxygen), chemical (mercury), or biological (disease, sewage) change to water that adversely effects its use by living things

5. Types of Water Pollution 1.Biological 2.Chemical 3.Physical Measured in: Percent (%) Parts per thousand (‰) Parts per million (ppm) Parts per billion (ppb)

6. Biological Water Pollution 1.Infectious Disease (Pathogens) 2.Oxygen-Demanding Waste Direct (microbes in water): Typhoid, cholera, dysentery, hepatitis… Entamoeba histolytica

7. Biological Water Pollution 1.Infectious Disease (Pathogens) 2.Oxygen-Demanding Waste Indirect (Water breeding carriers): malaria, yellow fever, west nile virus… Treehole mosquito (carried La Crosse ensephalitis)

8. Water Borne Disease

9. U.S. Water Borne Disease

10. Coliform Test Detection: Measure Fecal Coliform Solutions: Sewage treatment Immunization

11. Biological Water Pollution 1.Infectious Disease (Pathogens) 2.Oxygen-Demanding Waste Sewage Animal Waste Food Waste Paper Pulp

12. Dissolved Oxygen Added by: turbulent water and photosynthesis Removed by: Increased temperature (exsolution) and respiration/decomposition Good: > 6 ppm

13. Oxygen Sag

14. Chemical Water Pollution 3.Nutrients (Fertilizers) 4.Toxic Inorganic Materials 5.Persistent Organic Pollutants (POP’s) Nitrogen, phosphorous

15. Eutrophication Dissolved inorganic nitrogen in Baltic Sea & Blue Baby Syndrome

16. Chemical Water Pollution 3.Nutrients (Fertilizers) 4.Toxic Inorganic Materials 5.Persistent Organic Pollutants (POP’s) 1.Heavy metals  mercury,lead, tin… 2.Super Toxic Elements  Arsenic, selenium… 3.Acids, salts, chlorine 4.Radioactive Isotopes

17. Arsenic in U.S. Waters

18. Chemical Water Pollution 3.Nutrients (Fertilizers) 4.Toxic Inorganic Materials 5.Persistent Organic Pollutants (POP’s)

19. Artificial Chemicals

20. The Dirty Dozen

21. Physical Water Pollution 6.Sediment 7.Thermal Pollution 8.Solid Waste Chattahoochee River, GA Yellow River, China

22. Physical Water Pollution 6.Sediment 7.Thermal Pollution 8.Solid Waste Causes:  industry  dams  removal of vegetation

23. Physical Water Pollution 6.Sediment 7.Thermal Pollution 8.Solid Waste

24. Pollution Sources: Point Source 1.Sewage pipes 2.Leaky gas tanks 3.Industrial sites 4.Injection wells

25. Pollution Sources: Nonpoint Source 1.Agriculture (soil, fertilizer,pesticides) 2.Urban runoff (from pavement) 3.Construction sites 4.Air Pollution

26. Controlling Water Quality What can we do?

27. Solutions 1.Legislation 2.Source Reduction 3.Improved Land Use Practices 4.Remediation 5.Sewage Treatment

28. Clean Water Act 1972 1.Established water quality standards 2.System for ID’ing point sources 3.Pretreatment for industry 4.Federal funding for sewage treatment 5.Provided for enforcement Worked well for point sources Nonpoint sources still a problem

29. Solutions 1.Legislation 2.Source Reduction 3.Improved Land Use Practices 4.Remediation 5.Sewage Treatment 1.Remove lead from gasoline 2.Reduce road salting 3.Decrease erosion 4.Banning phosphates in detergents 5.Reduce fertilizer use, etc.

30. Solutions 1.Legislation 2.Source Reduction 3.Improved Land Use Practices 4.Remediation 5.Sewage Treatment 1.Stormwater treatment 2.Reduce clearcutting 3.Preserve wetlands 4.Better construction practices

31. Solutions 1.Legislation 2.Source Reduction 3.Improved Land Use Practices 4.Remediation 5.Sewage Treatment

32. Solutions 1.Legislation 2.Source Reduction 3.Improved Land Use Practices 4.Remediation 5.Sewage Treatment Water hyacinths absorb arsenic

33. Solutions 1.Legislation 2.Source Reduction 3.Improved Land Use Practices 4.Remediation 5.Sewage Treatment West Point Treatment Plant, Seattle

35. Sewage in King County