1. eXtreme Searching: Getting the Most from PubMed and Google Part I: PubMed
Arpita Bose, MLIS
Outreach and Communications Coordinator
National Network of Libraries of Medicine
Middle Atlantic Region
April 30, 2009

2. Objectives/Agenda Quick Review of Basic Skills Mapping
Phrase Searching
Limits
What’s New
MeSH Database
Field Tag Searching
Subsets
Clinical Queries and Special Queries

3. What Is PubMed?
Produced by the National Center for Biotechnology Information & the National Library of Medicine
Accessible worldwide at no charge
PubMed includes:
MEDLINE (1966 to present)
In-process & publisher supplied citations
OLDMEDLINE (1950s to 1965)
Out-of-scope citations

4. What Is MEDLINE? The world’s largest biomedical database
MEDLINE covers:
Medicine
Dentistry
Veterinary Science
Nursing
Other Biological Sciences
MEDLINE is indexed with MeSH terms

5. What Is MeSH? Medical Subject Headings Controlled vocabulary terms
Explode
Automatic Term Mapping

6. What’s the Difference Between PubMed and MEDLINE?

7. PubMed Teaching Tools MEDLINE/PubMed Resources Guide
MEDLINE citation counts
Journal counts
Field tag abbreviations
Subheading hierarchies
Subset strategies
Fact sheet: What is the Difference between MEDLINE and PubMed?

8. PubMed Teaching Tools http://nnlm.gov/mar/training/
Presentations, manuals
Trifold brochures

9. Limits
These limits are assigned at the indexing stage  Restricted to MEDLINE:
Humans or Animals
Gender
Type of Article
Ages
These limits are assigned prior to indexing:
Languages
All Subsets (except MEDLINE)

10. What’s New? Automatic Term Mapping Change
Old ATM:
"gene therapy"[MeSH Terms] OR gene therapy[Text Word]
New ATM:
"gene therapy"[MeSH Terms] OR ("gene"[All Fields] AND "therapy"[All Fields]) OR "gene therapy"[All Fields]
The MeSH and journals translations of new ATM have been augmented to include "All Fields" searching. Individual words are searched using the All Fields search tag, and, in the case of multi-word terms, those words are ANDed together. This broadens the search considerably by including citations with relevant terms that are not retrieved using old ATM. For example, with new ATM a search for gene therapy can retrieve an in process record with the phrase, "...clinical application of gene silencing therapy..." which is not retrieved with old ATM. New ATM also searches multi-word terms with the All Fields tag. This allows retrieval of journal names which can only be retrieved using the complete name or abbreviation.
If you enter an entry term for a MeSH term the translation will also include an All Fields search for the MeSH term associated with the entry term.
If you enter a Pharmacological Action term, PubMed will search as in the following example using caustics: "caustics"[MeSH Terms] OR "caustics"[All Fields] OR "caustics"[Pharmacological Action].
On July 2, 2008 ATM was changed to no longer include All Field searches for the individual words of:
Multi-word Substance Names
MeSH headings that include stand-alone numbers or letters.

11. ATM Tips Details, Details, Details! Modify the Query Translation box
Use Boolean operators: AND OR NOT
Use search tags
Use MeSH Database
Use Advanced Search
New ATM retrieves more citations than old ATM and searchers may notice more citations in the retrieval (and saved search updates) that are not of interest.

12. Advanced Search -- Try It!
Single Citation Matcher will be discontinued
Use Advanced Search box (Citation Sensor)
Use field searching
Limits, Preview/Index, History, Clipboard, Details will move
Links in Advanced Search
SCM no longer being updated and will go away soon!
Advanced Search is now the place for field searching and limits. In the near future the tabs for Limits, Preview/Index, History, Clipboard, and Details will be removed from the basic PubMed pages. History, Limits, Index of Fields, and a link to Details are available from the Advanced Search screen. A link for the Clipboard appears to the right of the search box on the PubMed screen when the Clipboard has content.
Some improvements coming to the Advanced Search screen are:
* The feature to lock/unlock Limits has been removed; Limits are active until de-selected.
* The icon for the index on the Search by Author, Journal, Publication Date, and more section has been replaced by a button labeled, Index.
* In the Search by Author, Journal, Publication Date, and more section, the link, "Add More Search Fields" was replaced with the link, "Add More Citation Search Fields" which brings up boxes pre-set to aid with citation searching (Title, Volume, Issue, Pagination). This view remains open for the remainder of the search session unless closed with the Reset link. Please be aware that many citation searches work if you enter citation data directly into the PubMed search box.
* If you change field boxes in the Search by Author, Journal, Publication Date, and more section, e.g., to have two boxes set to search Author, the Advanced Search screen will "remember" your settings during the search session.
* A new section at the bottom, Focused Queries, provides links to our Clinical Queries and Special Queries pages.
Advanced Search has its own URL:
Citation sensor: choi blood 2008

13. What’s New? Citation Sensor
GOOD!
BAD!

14. New Summary Display No icons Article title and author fields
Replaced with links to PMC and/or publisher
Article title and author fields
Positions flipped
Clickable link now article title, not author names
Related Articles link moved
PubMed Summary display format has changed to include information about the availability of free articles from publishers. In addition to the existing link on citations showing what is free in PubMed Central® (PMC), a new link indicates if the article is freely available at the journal's Web site. Some citations have a link indicating the article is free from both PMC and the journal. The links all go to the AbstractPlus display where icon links to PMC and journal sites display.
To improve the look of the Web page as well as to make it easier to scan titles, the positions of author names and the title of the article have been reversed. The article title now displays on top and serves as the link to the AbstractPlus format. Author names appear under the title and the rest of the citation remains the same.
The old look (author names on top) will be retained for Send to Text and Send to File in case users need the other arrangement.
The link for Related Articles has been moved under the PMID. The Links menu was rarely used so it has been removed.

15. Discovery Tools Goal: Serendipitous searching Recent Activity
Free full text in PubMed Central
Patient Drug Information
Drug Sensor
Related Reviews
Citation Sensor
Drug Sensor
Link to PubMed Clinical Q&A
200+ drugs
Patient Drug Information
Link to AHFS Consumer Medication Information
Gene Sensor
Link to NCBI Entrez Gene
Beta testing

16. MyNCBI Redesign New look and navigation New features
Username retrieval
My Bibliography
Class will discuss changes to MyNCBI display functionality, as well as group filters and LinkOut (to link to your library’s holdings)

17. Changes to MeSH New MeSH terms Evidence-Based Dentistry
Evidence-Based Nursing
Evidence-Based Practice
Integrative Medicine
New age check tag: Young Adult
19-24 (U.S. Census definition)
Summary of changes:
Young Adult is a new check tag for 2009 indexing forward. It will not be applied to citations retrospectively. NLM follows the U.S. Census definition of ages This age range overlaps with the existing check tag Adult which is defined as the ages Indexing policy is as follows:
If the article describes persons aged only, we will use Young Adult check tag "Age 19-24" only.
If the article describes persons aged only, we will use Adult check tag "Age 19-44" only.
If the article describes persons aged 19-44, we will use both Young Adult and Adult check tags "Age 19-24" and "Age "
"The new MeSH® heading, *Young Adult*, will not be added to the limits Age Group options. In the future, we will consider including it. Items indexed with Young Adult will be retrieved if either /Adult: years/ or /All Adult: 19+ years/ are selected as limits. The term can be searched directly as young adult [mh]."
Entry Combination Revisions
NLM will again retrospectively replace certain MeSH heading/subheading combinations, known as entry combinations, with the new precoordinated MeSH heading. If you get no retrieval for a MeSH Heading/subheading combination check the heading in the 2009 MeSH Browser to see if the Entry Combination information indicates a different term.
Patient Care/nursing replaced with Nursing Care

18. MeSH Database
Search with MeSH terms (Headings, Subheadings, Publication Types); Supplementary Concept terms (Substance Names); Pharmacological Action terms
See scope note and other helpful information
Display MeSH terms in the hierarchy
Limit MeSH terms to a major concept
Attach subheadings
Link to NLM MeSH Browser

19. Floating a Subheading
Definition: Search for a subheading without attaching it to a particular MeSH heading
Goal: Broader retrieval (but less precision)
Examples
Not sure which drug should be used for therapy? /tu
Not sure which drug caused the adverse effect? /ae
The subheading aspect is of interest, but it is not associated with the searched MeSH term
Indirect questions: What conditions does smoking affect?

20. Searching with Field Tags
Affiliation [AD]
Institutional affiliation and address of the first author of the article
Be creative/comprehensive: Institution name; endowed name; abbreviations; zip code; suffix
Journal Name [TA]
All single-word journal titles should be tagged
Personal Name as Subject [PS]

21. Searching with Field Tags (continued)
MeSH Headings [MH]
Major MeSH [majr]
To turn off auto-explode
[mh:noexp]
[majr:noexp]
Subset [SB]
LinkOut provider: loprovmedlib [sb]

22. Searching with Field Tags (continued)
Journal subsets
Bioethics journals: jsubsete
Health administration journals, non-Index Medicus: jsubseth
Index Medicus journals: jsubsetim
Consumer health journals, non-Index Medicus: jsubsetk
Health technology assessment journals: jsubsett

23. Other Search Types Clinical Queries Special Queries
Evidence-based medicine hedges
Systematic Reviews: Also found in Limits > Subsets
Clinical Study Category
Special Queries

24. MyNCBI Use a MyNCBI personal account to: Save citations Save searches
Create automatic updates (current awareness)
Add custom filters (results tabs)
Personalize the look of PubMed
Use a MyNCBI shared account to:
Create MyNCBI Shared Filters
Activate Shared Filters with a Specialized URL

25. Saving Citations 1. Select citations 2. Send to Collections
You can use MyNCBI to save your citations—it becomes a mobile library of citations that you can take with you between the library, a patron’s office, your home, a conference, or anywhere else. MyNCBI organizes your citations into Collections.
You can save the clipboard citations to a new collection or to an existing collection.
If you do not select citations, the first 500 will be added to your collections!

26. Saving Searches
You will be prompted to sign into your MyNCBI account

27. When to Use E-Mail Updates
Subject search for yourself or a patron
Table of contents (TOC) for a journal
Publications from your institution
Use [ad] for affiliation, e.g. NYU Medical Center [ad]
Publications from an individual

28. Grouping Results with Filters1 2

29. Browse for Filters

30. Personalizing Your PubMed View

31. Conclusion
Questions/Comments? Thank You! Arpita Bose