1. Hydrogen: transport, distribution, and end use
Annie Brandjord
Bevan Flansburg
Stephanie Hyde
Cristen McLean
Megan Sparks

2. Is it possible…?
…to wholly transform our fossil fuel reliance?
…to make hydrogen available and usable to consumers?
... to change the currently inadequate energy infrastructure regardless of which energy we rely on?
…to take a SMART approach to our nation’s energy future?

3. Hydrogen is the answer How is hydrogen transported?
What are hydrogen’s end uses?
How is hydrogen
used as an energy source?

4. Transporting Hydrogen
Primarily, hydrogen is a CARRIER not a source of energy

5. Hydrogen Pipelines
H2 safely transported through pipelines for decades, w/o optimal system
GH2 pipeline
important synergies
substantial added value
Pipelining GH2 will cost ~1.5 to 2 times NG, per unit energy-distance
Anne

6. NG/GH2 Comparison
NG pipeline systems typically cost $US 1 per mm diameter per meter length (with compressors, meters, controls)
Minimum ~30 cm diameter.
NG pipeline 50 km long would be ~ $US 15 million.
GH2 pipeline may cost 2-3 times as much ($US 40 million)
Anne

7. Wind and H2, an example
H2 gathered from wind energy can be transported via pipelines
Example: Great Plains wind energy
delivers wind energy as compressed H2 gas through 400 new GH2 pipelines
requires 900 of the largest, practical new electric transmissions lines
Anne

8. Technical challenges pressure intensity varies seasonally
exacerbates H2 attack on pipeline steel
hydrogen-induced cracking
hydrogen corrosion
hydrogen embrittlement
valves, meters, compressors similarly affected
Anne

9. Distribution Standards
Mixtures of NG and GH2 up to 100%
High pressure (>14 MPa), high-capacity (>5 GW), long-distance capabilities (>500km)
Buried terrestrial or subsea
>100 pressure cycles per year to 50% of design operating pressure.
Anne, do we need this or could you incorporate this somewhere else

10. Replacing Gasoline two types of hydrogen usage for power:
combustion
fuel-cell conversion (most efficient method)
NASA uses of hydrogen:
lift space shuttles
fuel cells to power ship electrical systems
crew drinks H2O byproduct
Steph

11. Hydrogen in the mix 5% hydrogen in gasoline = reduces nitrogen oxide
can be added to ethanol, methanol, and natural gas to increase performance and reduce pollution
Steph

12. Hydrogen on a timeline Today:
9 million tons produced in US today, could power million cars or 5-8 million homes
NASA
Around the world 500 hydrogen powered cars in use (Nov. 2006)
Honda to release hydrogen fueled vehicle in 2008
Future:
GOAL: U.S. Department of Energy’s Hydrogen Program intends to use Hydrogen to produce 10% of our total energy demand by 2030
Steph, we should check on relevance with Tif or focus this more towards transport

13. Hydrogen Fuel Cells 99.999% reliability no moving parts no combustion
suggested applications:
laptops, motor vehicles, baseload power plants, off-grid power supply for rural locations, auxiliary power
megan

14. Comparison of Fuel Cell Applications
Meghan

15. D.O.E. Research and Development
High temp/ low humidity PEMs for vehicles
High temperature solid oxide technologies
Low cost/high efficiency
Co-production
Small systems to refueling stations
Meghan

16. Specific D.O.E. Solicited Projects
Methanol fuel cell power supply for all-day wireless mobile computing.
Powering refrigeration units for trucks.
Advanced buildings PEM for hotels.

17. Using Hydrogen to Generate Electricity and Heat for Buildings
Stationary fuel cell units
used for backup power
power for remote locations
distributed generation for buildings
co-generation
Meghan
~ 600 systems of 10 kW built and operated to date
> 1,000 smaller units estimated built

18. Hydrogen at Work Hydrogen fuel cells already Plug Power Inc.
Replacing batteries
TV cameras and forklifts
providing power at remote locations
Eg.- cellphone towers
Powering the police station in NY Central Park.
Plug Power Inc.
Awarded a contract w/ Detroit Edison’s Saint Clair power plant.
Meghan
“Plug Power Inc., a leading provider of clean, reliable on-site energy

19. Safety and savings Converting to vehicles that use
hydrogen fuel-cells generated by wind
Would save 3,000 to 6,000 lives in the United States annually
These savings would
make it cost-competitive
with gas
Jacobson, who has no financial interest in any wind or hydrogen endeavor but whose commitment to clean air is manifest in his choice of car (a Toyota Prius), house (it's solar-powered) and career (atmospheric scientist).
Save more lives than were lost in the WTC attacks

20. Hydrogen’s vast potential
“Eventually hydrogen will join electricity as the major energy carrier, supplying every end-use energy need in the economy, including transportation, central and distributed electric
power, portable power,
and combined heat and
power for buildings and
industrial processes.”
cristen

21. Hydrogen: The Energy Future
Transportation
Distribution
End Uses
Infrastructure Needs
Replacement of Gasoline
Why Hydrogen?
Because it is …
Scalable, Safe and Clean! (