1. Status and Prospects of New and Renewable Energy in Korea KunMo Chung President Korean Academy of Science and Technology

2. Energy Statistics of Korea 1985199520002003 Primary Energy Consumption (10 3 TOE) 56,296150,437192,887215,223 Foreign Dependency (%)76.296.897.196.9 Oil Dependency (%)48.262.552.047.6 Electricity Consumption Per Capita (kWh) 1,2433,6285,1916,246

3. NRE Supply Trend (Unit : 10 3 TOE) 199019952002 Annual Increase(%) Primary Energy Supply (Total) 93,192150,437209,1117.6 NRE Supply3369092,92222.5 NRE Share0.4%0.6%1.4%-

4. Share of NRE Sources (2002) SourceShare (%) Waste (Incineration)93.5 Biomass (Land Fill Gas)4.0 Solar heat1.2 Small hydro1.0 Solar Photovoltaic0.2 Wind0.1 Total100

5. Supply Trend of NRE Sources 1993199820002002 Primary Energy Supply, 10 3 TOE(A)126,879165,932192,888209,112 Growth (%/yr)9.4 △ 8.1 6.45.4 NRE Supply, 10 3 TOE (C)649.61,715.702,131.002,922.30 Growth (%/yr)17.620.712.118.9 C/A×100(%)0.511.11.4 Solar heat14,14143,95741,68934,777 Solar Photovoltaic2,0163,7475,0516,735 Biomass (Landfill gas)58,83063,17882,004116,790 Waste545,5501,577,1941,977,6622,732,515 Small hydro28,78527,22820,45627,645 Wind3133694,1713,720 Natural heat---122 Total (TOE)649,6351,715,6732,131,0332,922,304

6. Electric power Generation From NRE (2002) Source NRE (A) (TOE) NRE Power Generation (B) (TOE) (B/A) (%) NRE Power Generation ( ㎿ h) Solar heat34,777--- Solar Photovoltaic6,7355107.575,927 Wind3,7201,27934.3914,880 Waste2,732,5158,2210.395,612 Biomass (Landfill gas)116,7906,0865.2170,783 Small hydro27,6459,50834.39110,579 Natural heat122--- NRE Total (C)2,922,30425,6040.88297,781 Total Power Generation (D) 26,352,025 306,474,064 (C/D)% 0.097

7. Government Support for NRE Deployment (Unit : U$ million) Purpose1999200020012002Total Technology development15.2 29.432.2109.2 Grant1.00.50.61.03.2 Loan11.99.87.114.2254.8 NRE power generation0.0 0.11.61.7 Local energy project6.57.214.218.352.0 Total34.632.651.367.3420.9

8. Government Fund Allocation (Unit : %) Year Technology Development GrantLoan 2004 274726 2007 214930 2011 134640 2003-2012 174934

9. NRE Supply Goal (Unit: 10 3 TOE) Source 200320062011 Supply% % % Solar heat 41.40.93101.51.45318.12.39 Biomass (Landfill gas) 197.04.43495.07.071,050.07.87 Waste3,080.069.205,050.072.137,540.056.54 Solar Photovoltaic 2.70.06 21.90.31341.22.56 Wind 13.10.29125.91.801,311.49.83 Small hydro 50.01.12111.01.59446.03.34 Fuel cell-- 0.40.01147.11.10 Natural heat 0.80.02 12.10.17160.81.21 Tidal-- 0.70.01431.53.24 Hydrogen---- 1.30.01 Coal Gasify/Liquify ----374.62.81 Sub total3,38576.055,91984.5412,12290.90 Large hydro1,06623.951,08215.451,2139.10 Total (A)4,4511007,00110013,335100 Total Energy Consumption (B)215,825237,589269,323 (A)/(B) (%)2.063.05.0

10. Long Term NRE Power Generation Goal (Unit : GWh) Source20032006200920112012 Solar Photovoltaic8884101,3651,793 Wind535042,6065,2466,639 Small hydro2024451,1941,7862,140 Coal gasification 794,3566,336 Biomass (LFG)6162,4653,6984,3144,616 Fuel cell 51751,7112,622 Tidal 35731,726 NRE sub total (A)8793,5098,73520,50325,871 Total power generation (B)288,594321,179347,673362,924369,973 (A)/(B) (%)0.31.12.55.67.0 Large hydro4,2644,3274,4354,8515,067 NRE total (C)5,1437,83613,17025,35430,938 (C)/(B) (%)1.82.43.87.08.4

11. NRE R&D Portfolio (1988-2002) (Unit : ￦ Billion) SourceInvestment% Fuel cell70.728.5 Solar Photovoltaic37.515.1 Coal gasification28.211.3 Biomass27.511.1 Waste24.09.7 Wind23.09.3 Solar heat15.26.1 Others22.18.9 Total248.2100

12. NRE Supply to R&D Support Ratio (2002) Source R&D Support (million won) (A) NRE Supply (TOE) (B) B/A Solar heat3,30334,77710.5 Solar Photovoltaic6,6356,7351.0 Biomass2,356116,79049.6 Waste4,8262,732,515566.2 Small hydro31427,64588.0 Wind5,2653,7200.7 Natural heat9781220.1 Total23,6772,922,304123.4

13. Key R&D Roadmap Source Phase 1 (2003 - 2006) (Initial deployment) Phase 2 (2006 - 2009) (Mass deployment) Phase 3 (2009 - 2012) (Low cost) Fuel cell Residential 3kW Building 10kW Utility : 250kW Molten Carbonate Fuel Cell Module Residential : small Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Utility : Molten Carbonate Fuel Cell Building : 50kW polymer Solar Photovoltaic Residential 3kW Building 10kW Crystalline cell Amorphous cell Commercialization System package Wind Commercialization 750kW Commercialization distributed system 30kW Wind DB Demonstration 1 MW Commercialization 3 MW Grid interfacing Ocean wind DB