1. From multiculturalism to super-diversity Prof. Steven Vertovec ESRC Centre on Migration, Policy and Society University of Oxford

2. Some core features of multiculturalism  To ensure equality, respect, tolerance  To enable continuity of traditions and identities Representation (‘community leaders’) in local forums Public support for community associations, activities Culturally sensitive service provision (in schools, healthcare, policing, social work, etc.) -- mostly based on ‘corporatist’ model of ethnic groups -- particularly Caribbean & South Asian oriented

3. In addition to recent setbacks, Multiculturalism faces a further serious set of challenges…

4. Immigration to/from the UK, 1966-2004 Source: ippr, based on International Passenger Survey and ONS

5. total international migration by country of birth, United Kingdom 1993-2002 Source: Home Office

6. UK 2001: Inflow by region (total 106,820) Source: Home Office

8. Non-EU Immigration, change 1991-2001 source: IPPR

9. London, home to 42% of UK’s immigrants Migrants (born outside UK) = 2 million (29%) of 7 million 23% came before 1970 -- 45% came after 1990 Compared to UK-born Londoners: –More migrants with higher qualifications, more with none –More migrants with dependent children 33 groups > 10,000, 12 more > 5,000 300 languages

11. Newham (pop. 243,898) by country of birth source: 2001 Census

12. Towards ‘Super-Diversity’ In UK, increasingly more people -- from non-’traditional’ source countries (non-colonial link) -- with greater linguistic diversity (300 languages in London) -- in smaller groups (pockets of Columbians, Romanians, Ghanaians, Kurds, Japanese, Afghans, Fujianese, etc.) alongside large, longstanding migrant origin communities -- with differing gender & age profiles per group -- with differing migration status (student – spouse – work permit – EU national – sector based schemes – au pairs – highly skilled – asylum-seekers – refugees – undocumented – citizens) -- with more mobility (spatially and temporally) -- with more sustained transnational links (social, religious, political)

13. Super-diversity: some implications New patterns of inequality and prejudice New patterns/experiences of space and ‘contact’ –may reduce prejudice / increase respect –cross-cutting ties / networks –may sensitize to spectrum of possible differences –‘hybridity’, ‘interculturalism’, ‘cosmopolitanism’ ‘Corporatist’ models of multiculturalism likely inadequate Prompt shift in public service provision: from ‘community knowledge’-based to ‘generic skills to respond flexibly to all encounters’ with individuals & their cultural variations (Kai 2003)

14. ESRC Centre on Migration, Policy and Society University of Oxford 58 Banbury Road Oxford OX2 6QS United Kingdom T +44/0 1865 274711 F +44/0 1865 274718 www.compas.ox.ac.uk