2. APOCYNACEAE (including Asclepiaceae)

3. general Asterid Characters fused corolla stamens adnate to corolla stamens equal to or fewer than perianth lobes gynoecium 2-carpellate

4. Current Angiosperm Phylogeny Group Tree for Flowering Plants 2008 magnoliids monocots asterids I asterids core eudicots eudicots

5. GENTIANALES opposite leaves radial symmetry contorted petals

6. Allamanda and Dipladenia APOCYNACEAE milky latex short filaments superior ovary laticifer in Alstonia

7. Asclepias

8. Catharanthus – leukemia medicine vinblastine vincristine

9. Hoodia

10. Huernia South Africa

11. Nereum oleander

12. Pachypodium African succulent

13. Plumeria and Pseudosphinx tetrio

14. On Plumeria, herbivore damage by caterpillars of the sphinx moth Pseudosphinx tetrio is restricted primarily to the wettest season, consistent with the hypothesis that early leaf flush and reproduction has been selected to avoid herbivory. I

15. Rauwolfia reserpine

16. Stapelia - African carrion-insect dispersed flower

17. Stemmadenia – American treelet of moist forests

18. Thevetia