1. Environmental Design and Land Use Chapter 21 Research Methodologies

2. Sustainable Development ► Is a positive Socioeconomic change that does not undermine the ecological and social systems upon which communities and society are dependent

3. Ecotourism ► Principles underlying the concept of ecotourism  Better understanding of the linkage and potentially symbiotic relationship between conservation and marketing.  Balance between environmental marketing and industrial commitment to environmentally responsible action  Taking a supply management perspective that acknowledges resource values and accepts resource constraints and limits, as well as seizing resource based opportunities

4. Ecotourism  Development of understanding and partnerships between host communities, governments, non- governmental organizations and the industry  Greater discrimination in client selection by identifying market segments that better match the range of products  Development of formal or informal product and performance standards  Promotion and acceptance of a tourist and operator code of ethics and behavior

5. Functional Planning and Design ► Tourism must function as a system ► All designs must meet structural criteria ► Physical function which is the capability of the designed environment indoors and outdoors to meet physical needs of people, etc ► Aesthetic and Cultural function

6. Market Acceptance ► There is a difference in preference of destination activities among travelers ► Fad and Fashion are powerful variables and can boom or break destinations ► Transportation technology and cost greatly influence the design and planning of destinations ► Some areas are blessed with natural resource assets

7. Relevance to Transportation ► The planning and development of future destinations should depend more heavily on studies of passenger transportation preferences and behavior than they have in the past

8. Resource Protection ► Natural Resource foundations include:  Water life  Vegetative cover  Wildlife  Topographic change  Soils and geology ► Culture Resources include:  Archeological sites  Historic sites and events  Shrines  Major works  Lore and legends, etc

9. Community Goals ► They should have knowledge of added infrastructure costs as well as added return before deciding on a positive or negative tourism development policy

10. Environmental Decision Makers ► Owners of Hotels, Marinas, Historical societies, etc. ► Land Development and Construction Industry ► Manager of Tourist Lands ► Designers and Planners ► Publics such as agencies and private organizations

11. Processes ► The Elitist approach is giving way to integrated planning which is a cooperative approach involving local citizens and professionals ► Research on fundamentals of tourist development

12. Regional Scale ► A project at the regional scale should accomplish these objectives:  Identification of destination zones of potential  Solutions to constraints and issues  Policies, organizational structures  Integration with destination and site plans

13. Destination Scale ► A project at the Destination Scale should include the following objectives:  Focusing commitment  Analyzing Markets  Analyzing supply side  Identifying organizations, roles  Identifying constraints, issues, needs  Concepts for supply development  Recommendations

14. Site Scale ► A project at the Site scale should include the following objectives:  Program agreement  Site criteria, selection, analysis  Functional Relationships  Design Concepts  Plans

15. Conclusions ► With greater taste discrimination of travelers and greater recognition of the role and limits of resources, environmental design and land use have increased greatly in managerial concern ► A few conclusions regarding design and land use:  Planning tourism requires research  Tourism planning only succeeds with commitment  Environmental planning for tourism depends heavily on the private sector  Governmental roles need to be clarified

16. Conclusions  Public involvement is essential to environmental planning for tourism  Planning for tourism requires integration of regional destination and site plans  Environmental design and planning for tourism is cyclical  The best tourism planning involves innovation and creativity