1. Gender and Life Stages HAS 3190

2. Gender Differences Females Females –More expressive –Talk more –Partnership-building –Reveal more –More knowledgeable –Learn more Males are taken more seriously Males are taken more seriously

3. Patient Differences Slightly different preferences Slightly different preferences Sex of doctor Sex of doctor Caring and respect Caring and respect

4. Sexual Orientation Substandard care Substandard care Social rejection Social rejection Discrimination Discrimination HIV/AIDS HIV/AIDS Caregivers need to be more open Caregivers need to be more open Patients need to be more open Patients need to be more open

5. Lifespan Development Frameworks Normative age-graded factors Normative age-graded factors Normative history-graded factors Normative history-graded factors Non-normative factors Non-normative factors

6. Variables in People Age Age Occupation Occupation Education Education Motivation Motivation Belief System Belief System Self-concept Self-concept Reading ability Reading ability Hearing ability Hearing ability Gender Gender Self-efficacy Self-efficacy

7. Life Stages Infancy Infancy Toddler Toddler Pre-school Pre-school Later childhood Later childhood Adolescence Adolescence Young Adulthood Young Adulthood Midlife Midlife Later years Later years

8. Toddler (18 months – 3 years) How the child thinks/problem solves How the child thinks/problem solves Major fears and worries Major fears and worries Understanding cause and effect Understanding cause and effect Intentions, goals, and plans Intentions, goals, and plans Handling emotions Handling emotions Relationship with parent/clinicians Relationship with parent/clinicians Self-evaluation Self-evaluation

9. Preschool (3-6 years) How the child thinks/problem solves How the child thinks/problem solves Major fears and worries Major fears and worries Understanding cause and effect Understanding cause and effect Intentions, goals, and plans Intentions, goals, and plans Handling emotions Handling emotions Relationship with parent/clinicians Relationship with parent/clinicians Self-evaluation Self-evaluation

10. Later Childhood (6-12 years) How the child thinks/problem solves How the child thinks/problem solves Major fears and worries Major fears and worries Understanding cause and effect Understanding cause and effect Intentions, goals, and plans Intentions, goals, and plans Handling emotions Handling emotions Relationship with parent/clinicians Relationship with parent/clinicians Self-evaluation Self-evaluation

11. Adolescence How the child thinks/problem solves How the child thinks/problem solves Major fears and worries Major fears and worries Understanding cause and effect Understanding cause and effect Intentions, goals, and plans Intentions, goals, and plans Handling emotions Handling emotions Relationship with parent/clinicians Relationship with parent/clinicians Self-evaluation Self-evaluation

12. Young Adulthood Stress reduction Stress reduction Health maintenance Health maintenance Marital adjustment Marital adjustment Prenatal teaching Prenatal teaching Child-rearing Child-rearing

13. Midlife Adolescent changes Adolescent changes Parental changes Parental changes –Marital satisfaction –Economic burdens –Career reevaluation –Health and body

14. The later years

15. Pre-natal Normal changes Normal changes Health maintenance Health maintenance Management of pregnancy Management of pregnancy Parenting Parenting

16. Adult Learning Principles Active process Active process Goal-directed Goal-directed Group learning Group learning Application Application Reinforcement Reinforcement

17. Adult Learning Principles Related to what’s already known Related to what’s already known Periodic plateaus Periodic plateaus Learner’s awareness Learner’s awareness Logic Logic