1. CEE 437 Lecture 1 October 1, 2002 Thomas Doe

2. Outline Course Introduction Geology and Engineers Brief History of Geology Global Structure Plate Tectonics The Rock Cycle

4. Geology — Brief History Origins in late 18th and early 19th Centuries Catastrophism and Uniformitarianism –Age of Earth –Uniformity of Processes Plate Tectonics Revolution (1950’s to 1980’s) Neo-Catastrophism

5. Siccar Point Unconformity

6. Smith’s Map of England

7. Engineering and Geology William Smith and the English geological map Karl Terzaghi and insights to the distribution of earth materials Earth heterogeneity!!!!

8. Global Structure Based mainly on seismic information and meteorite compositions Crust ~25-75 km depending varyin under continents and oceans

9. Global Structure

10. Velocity Variation with Depth

11. Development of Plate Tectonics Evidence from ocean floor magnetism and ages Evidence from seismicity Evidence from cross-continent correlations of rocks

12. Global Seismicity

13. Benioff Zone

14. Sea-floor Spreading Mantle convection driven

15. Seafloor Spreading — Sediment Ages

16. Evolution of Spreading Sea Floor — Atlantic Analog

17. Convergent Margins Ocean to Continent Continent to Continent

18. Convergent Margin

19. Rock Cycle

20. Convergent Margin — Subduction Zone

21. Major Crustal Plates

22. Evolution of Continents — North American Craton

23. North American Accretion