1. The “Carolingian Renaissance”

3. The royal chapel at Aachen

4. San Vitale, Ravenna

6. Carolingian miniscule

10. Key events Death of Charlemagne, 814 Allocation of Louis the Pious’ empire, 817 Coronation of Lothar, 823 Birth of Charles, 823 Sons versus Louis, then sons versus each other Death of Louis, 840 Battle of Fontenoy (Louis the German defeats Lothar), 841 Oaths of Strasbourg, 842 Treaty of Verdun, 843 (not covered by Nithard)

11. Coronation of Lothar, 823

12. Louis the Pious imprisoned

13. Louis the Pious and his son Pepin

14. Treaty of Verdun, 843