1. Senior Capstone Project: Fast Tuning Synthesizer Member: Nathan Roth Advisors: Dr. Huggins Dr. Shastry Mr. James Jensen Date:May 4, 2004

2. Presentation Outline Background Information Project Summary Functional Description Detailed Description Major Tasks Problems Encountered Improvements

3. Background Information Definition of a frequency synthesizer Uses –Communication –Electronic Warfare

4. Project Summary Creation of a frequency synthesizer –Use of direct synthesis approach

5. Project Summary System Characteristics –Output Frequencies of 3650, 3700, 3850, 3900, 4450, 4500, 4650, and 4700 MHz –Output Power of 0 dBm, ± 3 dB –Output Spurs < -45 dBc –Tuning Time < 500 ns, 200 ns if possible –Use of an External 100 MHz Reference Signal

6. Functional Description Fast Tuning Frequency Synthesizer 3.6 – 4.6 GHz 100 MHz Reference D2 D1 D0 Digital Input Command Desired Output Frequency

7. Detailed Description

14. Amplifier Multiplier –Increases Frequency (Multiplication) Mixer –Sum of Input Frequencies –Difference of Input Frequencies

15. Detailed Description Switch Filter Prescaler –Decreases Frequency (Division) Digital Logic (GAL)

16. Detailed Description 100 MHz

17. Detailed Description 200 MHz

18. Detailed Description

19. 1400 + 200 = 1600 MHz 1400 – 200 = 1200 MHz 200 MHz 1400 MHz

20. Detailed Description 1200 MHz 1600 MHz 1200 MHz

21. Detailed Description 1200 MHz 300 MHz

22. Detailed Description 1700 MHz 1100 MHz 300 MHz 1400 MHz

23. Detailed Description 1700 MHz 1100 MHz

24. Detailed Description 1100 MHz 275 MHz

25. Detailed Description 275 MHz 1125 MHz

26. Detailed Description 1125 MHz 4500 MHz

27. Major Tasks Filter Design and Fabrication Component Selection and Ordering Printed Circuit Board Design and Fabrication PCB Stuffing Modular Testing

28. Filter Design and Fabrication Designed and Simulated Ideal Chebyshev Filters –Used Insertion Loss Method –Developed Low-Pass Filter Prototype –Transformed to Band-Pass Filter Added Parasitic Effects –Real Component Values –Real Inductor Responses –Microstrip Transmission Effects –Via Connections

29. Filter Design and Fabrication

32. Dark Blue = Ideal Purple = S21 Simulated Red = S11 Simulated Aqua Blue = S21 Actual Blue/Purple = S11 Actual

33. Filter Design and Fabrication Dark Blue = Ideal Purple = S21 Simulated Red = S11 Simulated Aqua Blue = S21 Actual Blue/Purple = S11 Actual

34. PCB Design and Fabrication Created PCB Layouts for Filter Boards Fabricated, Populated, and Tested Filter Boards Developed Modular Layout Plan

35. PCB Design and Fabrication

41. Modular Testing

42. -10 dBm -50 dBm

43. Modular Testing LO Input = 1400 MHz IF Input = 200 MHz

44. Modular Testing Input = 1200 MHz

45. Modular Testing Resolution Module 3 – 1200 MHz

46. Modular Testing Resolution Module 3 – 1200 MHz

47. Modular Testing Resolution Module 3 – 1200 MHz

48. Modular Testing Resolution Module 3 – 1200 MHz

49. Modular Testing

50. 312 ns ‘off’ 148 ns ‘on’

51. Problems Encountered Non-Ideal Components Fabrication Grounding Issues ‘Potato Chipping’

52. Possible Improvements Implement a Phase-Lock Loop Use Distributed Elements MMIC Design

53. Appreciation Matt Kaiser Kiran Reddy Dave Miller Bala Sundaram Neeta Mehta Zaheer Shaik Krishna Katragadda

54. Fast Tuning Synthesizer Any questions?

55. Power Analysis Specifications Amplifier (3) –5 Volt –46 mA Mixer (3) –3 Volt –11 mA Prescaler (2) –3 Volt –8 mA Specified Power –837 mW Recorded Power –930 mW

56. Bill of Materials

58. Input Module

59. Resolution Modules

60. Basis Frequency Modules

61. Switch Selection Module

62. Output Module

63. Laboratory Work - Review

64. Laboratory Work Dark Blue = Ideal Purple = S21 Simulated Red = S11 Simulated Aqua Blue = S21 Actual Blue/Purple = S11 Actual

65. Laboratory Work Aqua Blue = Ideal Dark Blue = S21 Simulated Red = S11 Simulated Purple = S21 Actual Blue/Purple = S11 Actual

66. Laboratory Work Aqua Blue = Ideal Red = S21 Simulated Dark Blue = S11 Simulated Purple = S21 Actual Blue/Purple = S11 Actual

67. Laboratory Work Light Blue = Ideal Red = S21 Simulated Aqua Blue = S11 Simulated Dark Blue = S21 Actual Purple = S11 Actual

68. Laboratory Work Aqua Blue = Ideal Purple = S21 Simulated Red = S11 Simulated Dark Blue = S21 Actual Light Blue = S11 Actual

69. Modular Testing Resolution Module 1 – 1200 MHz

70. Modular Testing Resolution Module 1 – 1400 MHz

71. Modular Testing Resolution Module 2 – 1200 MHz

72. Modular Testing Resolution Module 2 – 1400 MHz

73. Modular Testing Resolution Module 3 – 1400 MHz

74. Modular Testing