1. UPR-R(river) P(rock) University of Puerto Rico Río Piedras Campus October 16, 2010 CoDR Ver 0.1

2. Team Members Lisandra Cordero Pedro J. Davila Jose Fuentes Luis Garcia Rafael Gavilane Laura Oben Marilena Ortiz Javier Rodriguez Esteban Romero Luis M. Rodriguez Noel Sanchez Veronica Zayas Students: Faculty Support: Vladimir Makarov Geraldo Morell Gladys Munoz Rafael Velazquez Benjamin Bolaño Oscar Resto

3. 1) Mission objectives a) Brief explanation b) Expected findings c) Related research/experimentation 2) Design a) Hardware i) Parts ii) Functional block diagrams 3) RockSat Payload Canister Construction Compliance 4) Integration Mission Overview

4. Objectives Measurement of selected gases in near-space conditions. Inorganic and Microorganism aerosols survey in near-space conditions.

5. Measurement of gases Why gases? – Measuring gases is an important part of the mission since they can be the building blocks of polypeptides. There is also an interest in measuring the gases that cause the greenhouse effect.

6. Greenhouse Effect

8. Finding microorganisms What type of microorganism? a) Extremophiles: b) Psychrophiles (Below freezing temperatures) c) Piezophiles (High-pressure environments ) d) Radioresistant (Resistant to Ionizing radiation, UV) e) Endospore (Dormant stage )

9. Why these specimens?

11. Expected results Microorganisms or endospores which can resist extremely high levels of radiation. This includes: UV (ultraviolet), X-rays and Gamma rays. Also capable of surviving in low pressures and temperatures. Polypeptides or amino acids could also be obtained because the Miller and Urey components could be readily available.

12. Related research Most of the studies related to atmospheric gases which have been collected at altitudes of 3 km have identified and measured the following: N 2, O 2, Ar, O, CO x, CH 4, H 2 S, SO 2, O 3, NO x, CFC, and H 2 O

13. Supporting Analysis Research Identification of gases during the flight –Semiconductor gas sensor Collection of aerosols –Polymer nano-scale filter (25 to1000 nm) Bio-Sample Culture Collection and Survey –Sterilized adhesive collector and Microbiology standard procedures Inorganic particles analysis –Auger, XPS, SIM’s and Time of Flight Mass Spectroscopy Size distribution and element characterization –Electron Microscopy (TEM, SEM, EDS, ELL’S) Laser spectroscopy analysis

14. Collection and Detection Diagram AVR Controller and Data Storage Computer Controlled Flow Valves Microorganism and Aerosol Battery Filters Multiple Semiconductor Gas Sensors Gas Canister Sampler Bernoulli Gases Exhaust Port Ram Air Atmospheric Sampling Intake 100 nm 50 nm 1000 nm 500 nm 200 nm 100 nm 50 nm 1000 nm 500 nm 200 nm 100 nm 50 nm 1000 nm 500 nm 200 nm Bleeder Computer Controlled Flow Line Full Flow Diaphragm Pressure Regulator Exhaust

15. Functional Payload

16. Functional Block Diagram Power 2x9V Supply Batteries G-Switch RBF (Wallops) 5V Regulator X / Y Acceleromet er Z Acceleromet er Temperatur e Sensor AVR Board AirCore Board Flash Memory 6 channel ADC Control Circuit (NPN) AVR Microcontroller ADC Intake Solenoid Valves Exhaust at Rocket unpressurized section Intake Solenoid Valve Nano-Filters Sequential Controlled Valves Exhaust Solenoid Valve Data Airflow Power Interface RAM Air Intake from Outside of the Rocket Gas Semiconductor Sensor 5 Gas Semiconductor Sensor 3 Gas Semiconductor Sensor 1 2x9 V Supply Gas Semiconductor Sensor 2 Gas Semiconductor Sensor 4 Gas Semiconductor Sensor 6 Notice Electrical Compliance with Wallops Sequential Controlled Valves

17. AVR Schematic Wallops Compliance

18. Parts: 1) 3/8” PTFC tubing 2) Sequential Valves 3) Polymer type membrane filters 4) Discrete Semi-Conductor Sensors 5) TE Grids 6) Power and controls wiring 7) AVR 8) Gas Flow Control Diaphragms Part List AVR Board 9) ATMega 32L Microprocessor 10) 16 MB Flash Memory 11) 0-15 Psi Pressure Sensor 12) 3-Axis Acceleration 13) Temperature Sensor 14) In-System-Programming 15) Attached Geiger Counter 16) 9 Volt Bus 17) RBF pin on each kit 18) G-switch on each kit

19. Special Requirements Dynamic Port

20. Dynamic Port (Ram Air)

21. Air Intake and Bernoulli Exhaust Exhaust Ram Air Intake

22. RockSat Payload Canister User Guide Compliance Type of RestrictionRestrictionStatus Mass allotment:Payload w/canister Volume allotment:Full canister The payload’s center of gravity (CG): tested In 1”X1”X1” envelope of centroid? Wallops No-Volt Requirement Compliance:Yes Structure mounts: Hoses are Required Top and bottom bulkheads. No mounts to sides of cans. Sharing:Full Can

23. References Miller, Stanley L. (May 1953). "Production of Amino Acids Under Possible Primitive Earth Conditions". Science 117: 528. Thomas, Gary E. (1987) “Trace Constituents in the Mesosphere” Physica Scrypta T18: 281-288 Philbrick,Charles R. ; Faucher,Gerard A. ; Wlodyka,Raymond A. (December 1971). “Neutral Composition Measurements of the Mesosphere and Lower Thermosphere” National Technical Information ServiceNational Technical Information Service Nicholson, W, Munakata, N, Horneck, G, Melosh,H, and Setlow, P, (2000). “Resistance of Bacillus Endospores to Extreme Terrestrial and Extraterrestrial Environments” Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews, p. 548-572. Satyanarayana, T.; Raghukumar, C.; Shivaji, S. (July 2005). "Extremophilic microbes: Diversity and perspectives". Current Science 89 (1): 78–90.Extremophilic microbes: Diversity and perspectives