1. Lydia Ayers

2. Instruments Xiao: end-blown notched bamboo flute with five frontal finger holes Paixiao : 11 to 22 stopped tubes paixiao

3. Instruments Xun: clay or porcelain vessel flute and one of the oldest Chinese instruments (at least 6,700 years old) Koudi: a small, flute-like whistle, frequently used to make flamboyant bird-like sounds

4. Di / Dizi

5. Wrinkled membrane over one hole produces bright timbre

6. Di / Dizi Each dizi in one major key

7. Di / Dizi Fingerings Straightforward for pitches in the major scale Other pitches require half hole fingerings, which are especially difficult on small flutes Fingering for #5

8. Chinese Cipher Notation 1 = D, sounds 8va The Key and Time SignaturesThe Key and Time Signatures

9. Lu Chun Ling: Huang Le Ge (Happy Song) Chinese Notation Transcription Example 1: Grace Notes in Measures 8-9 tonic daiyin escapenote gracenote

10. Musical Examples Red crane bone flute: Xiao Bai Cai (Little Cabbage) http://www.pubaf.bnl.gov/pr/bnlpr092299.html Paixiao: Qian Zhaoxi: Feng Xia Kong (Descending Phoenix) Xiao: Zhuang Tai Qiu Si (Autumn Reflection at the Dressing Table) excerpt performed on dizi by Yu Xun- Fa, accompanied by zheng Xiao: Zhuang Tai Qiu Si (Autumn Reflection at the Dressing Table) excerpt performed on dizi by Chan Hung-Yan, accompanied by zheng

11. Musical Examples Dizi in D: Lu Chun Ling: Huang Le Ge (Happy Song)Dizi in D: Lu Chun Ling: Huang Le Ge (Happy Song) –Glad Tidings Version –Art of Lu Chun-Ling Version –Chan Chun-Nin’s Version (personal recording) –Magic Flutist Lu Chun-Ling Version Xun: Liu Hongjun: Xianren aisi (Dreaming of Ancestors)

12. Musical Examples Koudi:Koudi: Bai Chengren: Miao Ling Di Zao Chen (Morning in Miao Mountain) Dizi in F: Li Da Tong: Pa Mi Er Di Chun Tian (Spring in the Pamirs)