1. Outline IS400: Development of Business Applications on the Internet Fall 2004 Instructor: Dr. Boris Jukic XML

2. XML (Extensible Markup Language) – Derived from Standard Generalized Markup Language (SGML) – Open technology for electronic data exchange and storage – Create other markup languages to describe data in structured manner – XML documents Contain only data, not formatting instructions Highly portable, needs only an XML parser (built-in in IE, other browsers) Document Type Definition (DTD, schema) – XML document can reference another that defines proper structure – XML-based markup languages XML vocabularies

3. XML Vocabularies XSL (Extensible Stylesheet Language) MathML (Mathematical Markup Language) SVG (Scalable Vector Graphics) WML (Wireless Markup Language) XBRL (Extensible Business Reporting Language) Chemical Markup Language (CML) Really Simple Syndication (RSS)

4. XML Namespaces XML allows document authors to create custom elements – Possible problem of Naming Collisions In an airline industry document: 100 may refer to number of passengers allowed in an airplane In office equipment industry: 100 may refer to number of sheets that can be fed in a printer/copier What if a document is created that contains information about both items Solution: XML namespace: (see the Namespace tutorial) Collection of element and attribute names Uniform resource identifier (URI) – Uniquely identifies the namespace – A string of text for differentiating names

5. Document Type Definitions (DTDs) and Schemas Two types of documents for specifying XML document structure – Document Type Definition (DTDs) – Schemas

6. Document Type Definitions Enables XML parser to verify whether XML document is valid Allow independent user groups to check structure and exchange data in standardized format Expresses set of rules for structure using so called “EBNF grammar” ELEMENT type declaration – Defines rules ATTLIST attribute-list declaration – Defines an attribute

7. Outline letter.dtd (1 of 1)

8. W3C XML Schema Documents Schemas – Specify XML document structure – Do not use EBNF grammar – Use XML syntax – Can be manipulated like other XML documents – Require validating parsers – XML schemas Schema vocabulary the W3C created Recommendation Schema valid – XML document that conforms to a schema document – Use.xsd extension

9. XML Vocabularies XSL (Extensible Stylesheet Language) MathML (Mathematical Markup Language) SVG (Scalable Vector Graphics) WML (Wireless Markup Language) XBRL (Extensible Business Reporting Language) Chemical Markup Language (CML) Really Simple Syndication (RSS)

10. Extensible Stylesheet Language (XSL) Think of XSL as a set of languages that can – transform XML into XHTML, – filter and sort XML data – define parts of an XML document, – format XML data based on the data value, like displaying negative numbers in red, and – output XML data to different media, like screens, paper, or voice.

11. Extensible Stylesheet Language (XSL)