2. Nonverbal Communication
Communication without use of linguistic means. Linguistic means: spoken and written language  
Nonverbal includes aural and visual communication (but non-linguistic)
Example: Spoken words - verbal
But tone of voice - nonverbal

3. Nonverbal cues in relation to verbal cues.
repeat the verbal message.  
contradict the verbal message.
substitute for the verbal message.
complement and accent the verbal message  
regulate the back and forth flow of
communication between people

4. Forms of Nonverbal Communication
Communication environment
Physical appearance
Proxemics
Body motion (kinesic behavior).
Paralanguage (nonverbal vocal cues) 
Touching behavior (haptics)
Chronemics or the use of time.

5. Communication environment
Those elements that impinge on the human relationship but are not directly a part of it
There are fixed and semi‑fixed features of the environment

6. Physical appearance The communicator's physical characteristics.
Include: body type, general attractiveness, height, weight,
hair and skin color, clothing, etc.

7. Proxemics The study of interpersonal distance or space
The use of interpersonal space or distance helps individuals regulate intimacy by controlling sensory exposure.

8. Our “territories”
Intimate distance: touching to approx. 18 inches from another person our personal bubble
Personal distance: 18 inches to 4 feet; a personal zone "by personal invitation only"
Social distance: 4 to 12 feet (business meetings and impersonal social gatherings.
Public distance ranges from 12 to 15 feet

9. Body motion (kinesics).
Facial expressions (e.g., smiles) and body movements (e.g., gestures, posture) help us to express attitudes, emotions, or to manage communication.

10. Paralanguage
Paralanguage consists of the nonverbal vocal cues that surround speech behavior;
Pitch, range, rhythm, tempo, and resonance.
Intonation
Vocalizations (e.g., laughing, crying, sighing, whispering) 
The dialect we speak.

11. Touching

12. Chronemics The use of time.
Two distinguishable patterns of time: monochronic (M‑time)
polychronic (P‑time).