1. http://glms.htohananet.com/_photos/IslandMapLavaView.jpg

6. Pu‘u ‘O‘o scoria cone (in the early 1990s) - -

7. http://z.about.com/d/gohawaii/1/0/E/H/4/kilauea2007_010.jpg

8. http://satftp.soest.hawaii.edu/space/hawaii/vfts/kilauea/chain_tour/air5.520x373.jpg

9. http://www.smate.wwu.edu/teched/geology/GeoHaz/vo-HA-impact/vo-HA-impact-08.JPG

10. ~10 m flow direction

12. - Kupaianaha lava pond and shield, with Pu‘u ‘O‘o scoria cone in the background - -

14. http://coconutgirlwireless.files.wordpress.com/2007/08/kalapana-aerial.jpg

15. http://hvo.wr.usgs.gov/gallery/kilauea/erupt/2553015_L.jpg

16. http://hvo.wr.usgs.gov/kilauea/history/1990Kalapana/19900506-JG16033_large.jpg

17. http://hvo.wr.usgs.gov/kilauea/history/1990Kalapana/

18. http://hvo.wr.usgs.gov/maunaloa/history/1984flows.gif

19. http://hvo.wr.usgs.gov/maunaloa/history/4305078_M.jpg

20. http://hvo.wr.usgs.gov/gallery/maunaloa/1984/2441061_L.jpg

22. http://hvo.wr.usgs.gov/gallery/maunaloa/1984/2441062_L.jpg

23. http://hvo.wr.usgs.gov/gallery/maunaloa/1984/2441053_L.jpg

24. Wadge (1981)

25. (adapted from Kilburn 1996) OTHER EXAMPLES OF DECREASING FLOW-FRONT ADVANCE RATES

26. EFFECTIVE EFFUSION RATES Flow front positions from Lockwood et al. (1987) Effusion rates from Lipman et al. (1985), Lipman & Banks (1987) average effusion rate for whole eruption was ~115 m 3 s -1, approx. 50% of the effective effusion rate 1984 flows, ~2900 m vent the max. effusion rate was probably ~400 m 3 s -1, approx. twice the effective effusion rate

30. View upslope from above Pāhoa, Feb. 27, 2015 (USGS photo)

31. Breakouts on the upper tube, ~2 km E of Pu‘u ‘Ō‘ō (the hill in the background). the group of trees in the foreground is all that is left of Pu‘u Kahauale‘a, which used to be a good-sized scoria cone. USGS photo taken March 10, 2015

32. http://hvo.wr.usgs.gov/kilauea/update/archive/2009/Jan/20090205_6426_L.jpg

33. USGS photo of Halema‘uma‘u, March 10, 2015