1. Knowledge Management and Computer Support for it
By:
Jones Olaiya Ogunduyilemi
Supervisor: Yvonne Dittrich
© May 2006

2. Agenda Knowledge and knowledge management
Knowledge and its Management in Software Engineering
Model for capturing & managing knowledge
Strategies
Analysis of Knowledge management system and tools
Corrections & Conclusion

3. Motivation
Organization seek to hire experts to resolve complex cases & enhance productivity
Better offer from competitors seeking for experts, entice them and hire them
Organisation failed to capture the know-how from experts and thence need to hire another expert to fill in the gap
The cycle continues.....

4. Knowledge Resides in people, held by a person
When it comes to knowledge workers, we pretty much hire smart people and leave them alone. No quality measurements, no Six Sigma, no reengineering. We haven't formally examined the flow of work, we have no benchmarks, and there is no accountability for the cost and time these activities consume (Davenport, 2003)
Knowledge is contained in people’s head as an organized or contextualised “body of information”

5. Knowledge and Knowledge management
Explicit Knowledge (codified)
Tacit Knowledge (implicit)
Management:
the process of identifying and mapping intellectual knowledge
defining means for making vast amount of corporate information accessible,
sharing of best practices, and technology that enables business activity.

6. Knowledge and its Management in Software Engineering
Processes Analysis (Efimova 2004):
Organization of personal information;
negotiating meaning through social activities;
creating new ideas;
establishing and maintaining personal networks;
collaborating in communities
finding codified information.

7. Knowledge Conversion and sharing
Socialization (Tacit – Tacit)
Externalization (Tacit – Explicit)
Combination (Explicit – Explicit)
Internalization (Explicit – Tacit)
(Modes of knowledge conversion by: Nonaka & Takeuchi 1995 p. 62)

8. Model for capturing & managing knowledge
Awareness, Identify and
Capture Knowledge
Set Goals for the use the Knowledge
Define method to manage, share Knowledge
Apply infrastructures for Knowledge
Brainstorming
Benchmarking
Workshop
Interactive mean
Peer interaction community of practice
Differentiation
Tacit or Explicit
Taking initiative
Processes
Methodologies
Strategic
Implementation
Tools for sharing
Maintenance
Availability
Figure 4: Diagram depicting the systematic approach for capturing, maintaining and using knowledge
STEP 1
STEP 2
STEP 3
STEP 4
Define Goals and means of achieving the goals
Mapping out strategies
Determine relevance
Process for differentiation
Adopt Tools
A P P L I C A I O N

9. Model overview Goals for which knowledge is required
Create awareness, mapping out strategies for identifying and capturing required knowledge (get people involved)
Process differentiation (is it codified or still tacit?) How do we make it feasible?
How relevant is the knowledge discovered to the existing project, how could it be used for future project?
Define appropriate management tools
Make it accessible, available
Process refactorization and enhancement

10. Knowledge Management Strategies
Codification
A codification strategy seeks to standardize an organization’s knowledge
Is about capturing knowledge through documentation, getting the documents loaded into repositories and ensuring access for use but not for re-invention
This strategy facilitates easy access to explicit knowledge.
Personalization
A personalization strategy seeks to maximize the interaction between individuals and generate innovative solutions to new problems.
Is about one-on-one conversations, brainstorming sessions and thinking outside the box
It requires connecting people rather than storing information.
This strategy facilitates easy access to tacit knowledge.

11. Tools for Capturing and Managing Knowledge
Key issues to be addressed:
Capture knowledge
Make it accessible
disseminating it for shared use, and
preserving it for re-use

12. Management tools
Collaboration Tools: maintain reliable channel for collaboration and communication amongst themselves in tacit – tacit dimension
The Experience Factory: enhances organization learning. It has components that address capturing, storing, distributing, applying, and creating new experience.
Competence Management aid to discover who knows what; used to track who has this tacit knowledge
Expert Networks based on peer-to-peer expert to expert support provide a forum for people who can provide help and establish knowledge-sharing focused on solving a problem.
Knowledge Portals pull information together from different sources and display it in a coherent way, performing an explicit-to-explicit knowledge conversion.

13. Correction & Conclusion
Page: 13 : 4.2.2, therefore it is applied when knowledge has been explicated.
Page 18: 5.3.6, this is one of the most popular
Conclusion
The argument is that Knowledge management sometimes treats knowledge as a commodity and grows when it is shared.
But in most cases, when it is not captured, it is also treated as individuals' commodity specifically owned by individuals.