1. Ottawa Mandarin School Adult Class 2011-12 Week 03: October 1, 2011 Instructor: Daniel C. Lee Consonants, mother of sounds 聲母

2. Plans 1.Review of Tones and Vowels Activity 2.Consonants in alphabetical order 2

3. Pinyin vowels 3 a- e- i(y)- o- u(w)- nothing a ( ㄚ ) e ( ㄜ ) i ( ㄧ ) o ( ㄛ ) u ( ㄨ, ㄩ ) -a-a ia ( ㄧㄚ ) ian ( ㄧㄢ ) iao ( ㄧㄠ ) ua ( ㄨㄚ ) uan ( ㄩㄢ ) -e-e ie ( ㄧㄝ ) ue ( ㄩㄝ ) uen ( ㄨㄣ ) -i-i ai ( ㄞ ) ei ( ㄟ ) ui ( ㄨㄟ ) -o ao ( ㄠ ) uo ( ㄨㄛ ) -u iu ( ㄧㄡ ) ou ( ㄡ ) -n an ( ㄢ ) en ( ㄣ ) in ( ㄧㄣ ) - ng ang ( ㄤ ) eng ( ㄥ ) ing( ㄧㄥ ) ong( ㄨㄥ ) - r er ( ㄦ )

4. Most confusing vowels for “CSL” (Chinese as a second language) a ( ㄚ ): always “aa” e ( ㄜ, and less commonly ㄝ ) u ( ㄩ ) ei ( ㄟ ) – Letter “A” ou ( ㄡ ) – Letter “O” iu ( ㄧㄡ ) (Not letter “U”!!) ui ( ㄨㄟ ) 4

5. Activity 3.1 Vowels & tones 1.Divide the class in 3 groups. 2.Take one sign for vowels (a, e, i, o, u), and one sign for tones (1, 2, 3, 4). 3.Sounds consisted of vowels AND tones will be read from a random textbook chapter. Raise your sign if they are called! 5

6. Consonants Vowels decide the shape of the mouth. Consonants dictate the work of the tongue and lips. There are 21 official consonants in Mandarin. ㄅㄆㄇㄈ ㄉㄊㄋㄌ ㄍㄎㄏ ㄐㄑㄒ ㄓㄔㄕㄖ ㄗㄘㄙ +1: actually two kinds “n” ( ㄋ ) +1: “v” exists in Beijing accent to replace “w”, which is combined into ㄨ (u, a vowel) 6

7. B-G PinyinZhuyinPronunciationExamples b ㄅ b 爸爸 father c ㄘ ts 一次 one time ch ㄔ tr 吃 eat 尺 ruler d ㄉ d 弟弟 younger bro f ㄈ f 吃飯 have meal/rice g ㄍ g (as in go) 哥哥 elder bro 7

8. the hidden vowel “i*” A special set of consonants carries its own unique vowel not even mentioned by zhuyin, noted by “i” but pronounced totally different to “ee”. ㄓ ㄔ ㄕ ㄖ ㄗ ㄘ ㄙ zhi chi shi ri zi ci si better memorize 8

9. Calling people with two identical words When there are two identical words, the second word are frequently converted to a light tone. 媽媽 mother 爸爸 father 哥哥 elder brother 姐姐 elder sister 弟弟 younger bro 妹妹 younger sis 9

10. Drills for each of the consonants, practice their combos with vowels and 4 tones b ( ㄅ ) ba, bai, ban, bao, bang bei, ben, beng bi, bian, biao, bie, bin, bing bo* (pronunced more similar to buo) bu 10

11. Drills for each of the consonants, practice their combos with vowels and 4 tones c ( ㄘ ) = ts ca, cai, can, cao, cang cen, ceng ci* cong cu, cui, cuo 11

12. Drills for each of the consonants, practice their combos with vowels and 4 tones ch ( ㄔ ) = tr cha, chai, chan, chao, chang che, chen, cheng chou, chong chu, chuan, chuen, chui, chuo 12

13. Drills for each of the consonants, practice their combos with vowels and 4 tones d ( ㄉ ) da, dai, dan, dao, dang de, dei, deng di, dia, dian, diao, die, diu, ding du, duan, duen, dui, duo 13

14. Drills for each of the consonants, practice their combos with vowels and 4 tones f ( ㄈ ) fa, fan, fang fei, fen, feng fo, fong fu 14

15. Drills for each of the consonants, practice their combos with vowels and 4 tones g ( ㄍ ) ga, gai, gan, gao, gang ge, gei, gen, beng gou, gong gu, gua, guan, gui, guo 15

16. Activity 3.2 Consonant + Tone 1.(same group as before). Now add the consonants! 2.Raise the correct consonant & tone! 16

17. H-N PinyinZhuyinPronunciationExamples h ㄏ h 好 good 喝 drink j ㄐ j (as in Jay) 一次 one time k ㄎ k 吃 eat 尺 ruler l ㄌ l 力 strength m ㄇ m 買 buy 賣 sell n ㄋ n 那 that 你 you (*) 17

18. Drills for each of the consonants, practice their combos with vowels and 4 tones h ( ㄏ ) ha, hai, han, hao, hang he, hei, hen, heng hou, hong hu, hua, huan, hui, huo 18

19. Drills for each of the consonants, practice their combos with vowels and 4 tones j ( ㄐ ) ji, jia, jian, jiao, jie, jiu, jin, jing jiong (in zhuyin, ㄐㄩㄥ or “juong”) jü ( ㄩ, not ㄨ ), juan, jue (all ü, not u) 19

20. Drills for each of the consonants, practice their combos with vowels and 4 tones k ( ㄎ ) ka, kai, kan, kao, kang ke, ken, keng kou, kong ku, kua, kuan, kui, kuo 20

21. Drills for each of the consonants, practice their combos with vowels and 4 tones l ( ㄌ ) la, lai, lan, lao, lang le, lei, leng li, lian, liao, lie, liu, lin, ling lou, long lu, luan, lue( ㄩㄝ ), luo 21

22. Drills for each of the consonants, practice their combos with vowels and 4 tones m ( ㄇ ) ma, mai, man, mao, mang mei, men, meng (southern accent: mong) mi, mian, miao, mie, min, ming mo, mou mu, muo 22

23. n vs. n There are actually two kinds of “n” ( ㄋ ) that is even not distinguished in zhuyin. Group 1: followed by -a*, -e*, -o*, -u* Group 2: follow by -i* Classic examples: 牛奶 milk 那你 then, you… 23

24. Drills for each of the consonants, practice their combos with vowels and 4 tones n ( ㄋ ) na, nai, nan, nao, nang ne, nei, neng *ni, *nian, *niu, *ning nong nu, nuan, nuo 24

25. N-T PinyinZhuyinPronunciationExamples p ㄆ p 跑 run 拍 pat q ㄑ ch (as in chin) 起 rise 氣 gas r ㄖ r 人 people 如 as s ㄙ s 三 three 四 four sh ㄕ 史 history 是 is t ㄊ t 土 soil 兔 rabbit 25

26. Drills for each of the consonants, practice their combos with vowels and 4 tones p ( ㄆ ) pa, pai, pan, pao, pang pei, pen, peng pi, pian, piao, pie, pin, ping po* (pronunced more similar to puo) pu p.s. compare p with b (the vowels that go with them are exactly identical) 26

27. Drills for each of the consonants, practice their combos with vowels and 4 tones q ( ㄑ ) = ch qi, qia, qian, qiao, qian, qiu, qin, qing qiong qü ( ㄩ, not ㄨ ), quan, que (all ü, not u) 27

28. Drills for each of the consonants, practice their combos with vowels and 4 tones r ( ㄖ ) ran, rao, rang re, ren, reng rou, rong ru, ruan, rui, ruo 28

29. Drills for each of the consonants, practice their combos with vowels and 4 tones s ( ㄙ ) sa, sai, san, sao, sang se, sen, seng si* sou, song su, suan, suen, sui, suo 29

30. Drills for each of the consonants, practice their combos with vowels and 4 tones sh ( ㄕ ) sha, shai, shao, shan, shang she, shei, shen, sheng shi* shou shu, shuan, shuen, shui, shuo 30

31. Drills for each of the consonants, practice their combos with vowels and 4 tones t ( ㄊ ) ta, tai, tan, tao, tang te, teng ti, tian, tiao, tie, ting tu, tuan, tuen, tui, tuo 31

32. V-Zh PinyinZhuyinPronunciationExamples v* v (Beijing) 台灣 (van) w* ㄨ w 萬 ten thousand x ㄒ sh 小 small 熊 bear y* ㄧ y (as in Yes) 夜 night 也 also z ㄗ tz 自 self 子 son zh ㄓ dr 紙 paper 豬 pig 32

33. Drills for each of the consonants, practice their combos with vowels and 4 tones w(v) ( ㄨ ) wa (wua), wai, wan, wang wei, wen (wuen), weng wo, wong wu, wui 33

34. Drills for each of the consonants, practice their combos with vowels and 4 tones x ( ㄒ ) = sh xi, xia, xian, xiao, xie, xiu, xin, xing xiong (xuong) xü ( ㄩ, not ㄨ ), xuan, xue (all ü, not u) 34

35. Drills for each of the consonants, practice their combos with vowels and 4 tones y ( ㄧ ) ya, yai, yao, yan, yang ye* yü, yuan, yue (all ü) 35

36. Drills for each of the consonants, practice their combos with vowels and 4 tones z ( ㄗ ) = tz za, zai, zan, zao, zang ze, zeng zi* zou, zong zu, zuan, zuen, zui, zuo 36

37. Categorization by mechanics b p m f ( ㄅㄆㄇㄈ ): lips, tooth d t n l ( ㄉㄊㄋㄌ ): tip section of the tongue + upper teeth g k h ( ㄍㄎㄏ ): middle-end section of the tongue touches up j q x ( ㄐㄑㄒ ): tip-middle section of the tongue touches up zh ch sh r ( ㄓㄔㄕㄖ ): tong curl in the back z c s ( ㄗㄘㄙ ): tip of the tongue touch the interaction of teeth + air leaking out 37

38. Homework Practice all consonant + vowel + tones combos, one day one category (bpmf; dtnl; gkh; jqx; zh-ch-sh-r) Quiz next week 38