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Fundamentals of Networking Discovery 1, Chapter 4 Connecting to the Internet through an ISP
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Objectives Explain what the Internet is and how we connect to it using an ISP Explain how information is sent across the Internet through an ISP Describe & identify the components of an ISP Network Operations Center Identify the different types of cables and connectors for connecting the devices in the NOS Construct & terminate twisted pair cables and determine the type of cable needed
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What this Chapter is About… Every day people are online We need to communicate Internet Service Providers (ISP) ▫ Make this possible ▫ Web of service providers You’ll see: ▫ Why ISP’s are necessary ▫ The Network Operations Centers
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What is the Internet? Worldwide collection of computer networks, cooperating with each other to exchange information using common standards ▫ Network of networks that connects users in every country in the world Do this through: ▫ Wireless, fiber, telephone lines, satellite & more
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The Internet Who owns it? ▫ No one What allows computers to communicate? ▫ Protocols There are several organizations that help manage it ▫ Standards ▫ Addressing
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Imagine… What would the Internet be like if no organization granted domain names? ▫ Might have 1000 www.nintendo.com siteswww.nintendo.com What other areas did standards help in? ▫ Mobile web (other browsers) ▫ Any device with browser can access Internet ▫ Use of various devices to access web
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Internet Organizations ISOC Internet Society ▫ Central leadership organization IETF Internet Engineering Task Force ▫ Proposes solutions to Internet problems ▫ Recommends protocol standards IRTF Internet Research Task Force ▫ Researches future of Internet ▫ How to handle transmissions during disaster IANA Internet Assigned Numbers Authority ▫ Bookkeeper of who addresses are assigned to
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ISP’s What’s an ISP? ▫ Company that provides connections & support to access the Internet You MUST go through an ISP to get on the Internet Name yours & others
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ISP Services What other services do ISP’s provide? ▫ Internet access ▫ Domain name registration ▫ Web hosting ▫ Transit to all over Internet is a series of ISP’s connected to one another
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Connect to the ISP through POP Point of Presence Between your LAN & the ISP Where you get the ISP’s services- closest point of connection
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High Speed Backbone
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Maps & Videos http://www.telegeography.com/maps/index.php Video 1- http://youtu.be/XQVzU_YQ3IQhttp://youtu.be/XQVzU_YQ3IQ Video 2- http://youtu.be/v1JEuzBkOD8http://youtu.be/v1JEuzBkOD8 Video 3- http://youtu.be/m6qTk5WNq9Ehttp://youtu.be/m6qTk5WNq9E
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Review 1.Describe the Internet. 2.What does ISP stand for? ▫ Internet Service Provider 3.What does an ISP do? ▫ Provides connection to the Internet 4.What is the connection point between the ISP and your LAN? ▫ POP
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Options for Connecting to the ISP Dial-up- slowest, telephone lines Cell Phone Modem- decently fast DSL- high speed over phone lines Cable Modem- high speed over cable lines Leased Line- high speed over dedicated digital lines, for businesses, T1 Satellite- medium speeds
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Connecting to the ISP Modem is used to connect to ISP You may have an ISR to connect multiple computers to the modem
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ISP Service Levels Home Service ▫ Slower speed ▫ Less expensive ▫ Less web space ▫ Fewer email addresses Business Class ▫ Faster speed ▫ More expensive ▫ More web space ▫ More email addresses ▫ SLA (Service Level Agreements) Network availability terms Service response time Link Link
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Data Data is uploaded or downloaded ▫ Define each There are two types of services for data transfer ▫ Usually home is different than business
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Asymmetric Service Download transfer rate is different from upload rate ▫ Common in homes, most Internet users ▫ Download is faster
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Symmetric Service Download transfer rate is same as upload rate ▫ Common in businesses or hosting servers ▫ Great for uploading lots of video, data, graphics
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Which ISP?
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Activity Handout Research Go home & test your speed HW! http://www.speedtest.net End of Day One
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Review 1.Name some features that a business class ISP service would offer that home service does not. 2.Describe asymmetric service. 3.Describe symmetric service. 4.What is a POP? ▫ Connection between LAN & ISP 5.What’s the high speed links that connect ISPs called? ▫ Backbone
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The Importance of IP Internet Protocol ▫ IP carries what you do on the Internet With others, like TCP/IP ▫ Uses packets to carry data ▫ MUST have source & destination IP address in packet ▫ Routers read them
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IP Packet Header contains the IP addresses & control info for routers ▫ Sometimes called a datagram IP addresses MUST be unique ISP gets blocks of addresses from Internet Registry ▫ Then they manage & split them up
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How an ISP handles Packets Message is divided into smaller packets ▫ 64-1500 bytes ▫ Downloading a 1 MB song requires over 600 packets of 1500 bytes each ISP determines whether packet is for local ISP service or for remote network
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NOC Controls traffic flow ▫ Uses destination IP ▫ Passes from router to router Has services (web hosting, email)
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NOC- Monitoring
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NOC- AT &T Monitoring
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Network Utilities- Ping Ping ▫ End-to-end connectivity ▫ Round trip time ▫ ICMP echo request
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Network Utilities- Traceroute Traces path from source to destination Displays each hop Shows where problem is In windows, tracert
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Traceroute http://visualroute.visualware.com/
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Activities Packet Tracer 4.2.3.2- Observe Packet Travel Lab 4.2.3.3- Use ping, traceroute, visual traceroute and whois to check connectivity and IP addresses and learn more about how packets travel through the Internet.
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Review
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The Internet Cloud- 4.3.1 Many routes to a destination ▫ Bad router- take the back road! Cloud represents Internet or another network
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Devices in the Cloud More than just routers in cloud Technology at home must match tech at ISP ▫ DSL connects to a DSLAM (access multiplexer) ▫ Cable Modem connects to a CMTS (termination system) ▫ Analog dial-up modem access ▫ Wireless access
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Devices in the Cloud
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Devices in the Cloud- At ISP Must have equipment to connect to other ISPs Must handle lots of traffic, near 100% uptime, redundant
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Activity- NOC Equipment
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Review 1.A DSLAM is needed at the ISP for which technology? ▫ DSL 2.What does DSL stand for? ▫ Digital Subscriber Line 3.A CMTS is needed for which technology? ▫ Cable Modem 4.What do you need to connect to the Internet? ▫ IP Address, default Gateway, connection to a network, and an ISP to connect you
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ISP Equipment Requirements Servers to provide services ▫ Need steady, reliable power ▫ UPS
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ISP Equipment Requirements Air & humidity levels Cable management ▫ Protect from damage & kept organized
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Review
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Common Network Cables What’s another name for cable? ▫ Medium ▫ Channel Copper Fiber Optic Wireless
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Network Cables We’ll Discuss
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Twisted Pair Cabling Electricity over the copper wires Pairs twisted inside jacket Can get EMI Crosstalk on long runs ▫ Signal jump cables ▫ Cat 5 has 3-4 twists per inch ▫ Makes it more resistant to interference
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Kinds of Twisted Pair UTP ▫ Electricity ▫ Inexpensive ▫ Easy to install ▫ 4 pairs of wires, color coded ▫ RJ45 connector Cat 5 & 5e ▫ 100 & 1000Mbps Cat 6 ▫ 1000Mbps & higher
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Review 1.What connector is on UTP? ▫ RJ45 2.What is the high speed links called that connect ISPs? ▫ Backbone 3.A router, switch & access point all in one is called what? ▫ ISR
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Coax Cable Transmits electricity Better shielding than UTP Harder to install than UTP ISP uses these for CMTS
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Fiber Optic Cables Transmits pulses of light Used in big environments Glass or plastic ▫ No EMI High speed ▫ LAN backbone ▫ Connect ISP to Internet 2 fibers ▫ Transmit & receive
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Fiber Optic Cables Multimode ▫ Less $, used more ▫ Used in LANs/Campuses 2000 meters ▫ LED ▫ Many paths of light Single Mode ▫ More $, faster speed ▫ Connects backbone/NOCs 3000 meters ▫ LED laser ▫ Single path of light
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Activity- Fiber or UTP?
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Cabling Standards Specs for installing & testing cable ▫ Pinouts (order of wires) ▫ Wire sizes ▫ Shielding ▫ Cable lengths ▫ Connector types ▫ Performance limits
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UTP Cables TIA/EIA ▫ 568A ▫ 568B
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Straight-Through Cable 568B to 568B Connect unlike devices ▫ Computer to Hub/Switch ▫ Switch to router port On the PC NIC ▫ Pins 1 & 2 transmit ▫ Pins 3 & 6 receive
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Crossover Cable 568A to 568B Like Devices ▫ Switch/hub port to switch/hub port ▫ Router port to router port ▫ PC to router port ▫ PC to PC
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UTP Termination RJ45 male connector Jack is female
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Let’s make cables! Straight-through 568B to 568B White-Orange Orange White-Green Blue White-Blue Green White-Brown Brown
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Let’s make cables! Crossover 568B to 568A Change Oranges & Greens on ONE SIDE! White-Green Green White-Orange Blue White-Blue Orange White-Brown Brown
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Terminating Patch Panel ▫ Switchboard ▫ Quickly rearrange ▫ RJ45 Jacks
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Lab Terminate to a jack
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Testing Cables Open ▫ Wire not in connector ▫ Break in wire Short ▫ Copper touches another Reversed Pair Split Pair
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Other Tests- Degradation Attenuation ▫ Measure of signal strength ▫ If message fades at destination, will not be understood Crosstalk ▫ Signal leaks onto another pair of wires ▫ Can happen if cables are not terminated properly or low quality connectors
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Cabling Best Practices- Yes or No Cable Management ▫ Keeps wires neat & organized to easily find problems ▫ Protected from damage
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Review Which cable would you use: ▫ In your house? UTP ▫ Between buildings? Fiber ▫ To your cable modem? Coax ▫ Where you get a lot of EMI? Coax or fiber, NOT UTP!!
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Review- 10
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Fundamentals of Networking Discovery 1, Chapter 3 Connecting to the Internet through an ISP
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